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Q21(a):
Discuss the continuity of the following functions: (a) $f(x) = \sin x + \cos x$

Solution :

Step 1: Identifying the Theoretical Foundation

To determine the continuity of the function $f(x) = \sin x + \cos x$, we utilize the Algebra of Continuous Functions. A function $f(x)$ is continuous at a point $c$ in its domain if $\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = f(c)$. [Per the Theorem on Continuity of Sums of Functions: If $g$ and $h$ are continuous at $c$, then $g+h$ is continuous at $c$.]

Step 2: Defining the Domain

The component functions $g(x) = \sin x$ and $h(x) = \cos x$ are defined for all real numbers $x \in \mathbb{R}$. Consequently, the domain of $f(x) = \sin x + \cos x$ is the entire real line $\mathbb{R}$.

Step 3: Verification of Continuity for Component Functions

We establish continuity for an arbitrary real number $c$:

  • For $g(x) = \sin x$: $\lim_{x \to c} \sin x = \sin c = g(c)$. [By the standard limit definition of trigonometric functions].
  • For $h(x) = \cos x$: $\lim_{x \to c} \cos x = \cos c = h(c)$. [By the standard limit definition of trigonometric functions].

Step 4: Algebraic Synthesis

Using the limit laws for sums, we evaluate the limit of the composite function $f(x)$ as $x \to c$:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \lim_{x \to c} (\sin x + \cos x)$

By the Limit Sum Law [$\lim (g+h) = \lim g + \lim h$]:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \lim_{x \to c} \sin x + \lim_{x \to c} \cos x$

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \sin c + \cos c$

Since $\sin c + \cos c = f(c)$, it follows that $\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = f(c)$ for all $c \in \mathbb{R}$.

Step 5: Visual Representation

x f(x) 0

Analytical Conclusion

Since the limit of the function at any arbitrary point $c \in \mathbb{R}$ equals the value of the function at that point, the function $f(x) = \sin x + \cos x$ satisfies the definition of continuity across its entire domain.

Final Solution: The function $f(x) = \sin x + \cos x$ is continuous for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.


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