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Q21(b):
Discuss the continuity of the following functions: (b) $f(x) = \sin x - \cos x$

Solution :

Step 1: Identifying the Domain and Function Properties

The function is defined as $f(x) = \sin x - \cos x$. The domain of this function is $D = \mathbb{R}$, as both $\sin x$ and $\cos x$ are defined for all real numbers $x \in (-\infty, \infty)$ [Per the definitions of trigonometric functions].

Step 2: Decomposition of the Function

To analyze the continuity, we consider the function as a combination of two component functions:

  • $g(x) = \sin x$
  • $h(x) = \cos x$

It is a well-established theorem in calculus that the sine and cosine functions are continuous for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$ [By the properties of elementary transcendental functions].

Step 3: Application of Algebra of Continuous Functions

According to the Algebra of Continuous Functions, if two functions $g(x)$ and $h(x)$ are continuous at a point $c$, then their sum and difference $(g \pm h)(x)$ are also continuous at $c$ [Per the Algebra of Continuous Functions Theorem].

Given that $f(x) = g(x) - h(x)$, and both $g(x)$ and $h(x)$ are continuous on $\mathbb{R}$, $f(x)$ must be continuous on its entire domain.

Step 4: Formal Proof using Limits

Let $c$ be any arbitrary real number. For $f(x)$ to be continuous at $x=c$, the following condition must be met:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = f(c)$

Substituting the function definition:

$\lim_{x \to c} (\sin x - \cos x) = \lim_{x \to c} \sin x - \lim_{x \to c} \cos x$ [By the Sum/Difference Law of Limits]

Since $\sin x$ and $\cos x$ are continuous everywhere, we have:

$\lim_{x \to c} \sin x = \sin c$

$\lim_{x \to c} \cos x = \cos c$

Therefore, $\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \sin c - \cos c = f(c)$.

Visual Representation

x f(x) f(x) = sin x - cos x

Step 5: Conclusion of Continuity Analysis

Since the limit condition holds for all $c \in \mathbb{R}$, the function $f(x) = \sin x - \cos x$ is continuous for all real numbers.

Final Solution: The function $f(x) = \sin x - \cos x$ is continuous for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Continuity and Differentiability EXERCISE 5.1


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Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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