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Q4:
Match the items given in column A and B:

Match the items given in column A and B:

Solution :
Given Categorical Data & Initial Setup
The standard ecological and environmental management technologies provided in the prompt represent matching items between pollution control methods/devices (Column A) and their respective target pollutants or environmental issues (Column B).
| Column A (Control Device / Strategy) | Column B (Target Pollutant / Environmental Issue) |
|---|---|
| (a) Catalytic converter | (i) Particulate matter |
| (b) Electrostatic precipitator | (ii) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides |
| (c) Earmuffs | (iii) High noise level |
| (d) Landfills | (iv) Solid wastes |
Step 1: Analysis of the Catalytic Converter
Catalytic converters are automobile exhaust control devices. They contain precious metals such as platinum ($Pt$), palladium ($Pd$), and rhodium ($Rh$) acting as catalysts. As engine exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are oxidized into carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and water ($H_2O$). Simultaneously, toxic carbon monoxide ($CO$) and nitric oxide ($NO$) are reduced and oxidized to form carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and nitrogen gas ($N_2$).
[Per the principles of RedOx chemistry in emissions control: $2CO + 2NO \xrightarrow{Catalyst} 2CO_2 + N_2$]
Match: (a) corresponds to (ii) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
Step 2: Analysis of the Electrostatic Precipitator
An electrostatic precipitator is a highly efficient filtration device deployed primarily in thermal power plants. It operates by creating a high-voltage corona discharge that ionizes the surrounding air, releasing electrons. These electrons attach to particulate matter ($PM$) in the exhaust stream, imparting a net negative charge. The negatively charged dust particles are subsequently attracted to positively charged (grounded) collection plates, effectively removing up to $99\%$ of particulate matter.
[By the laws of electrostatics (Coulomb's Law), oppositely charged entities attract, allowing the mechanical separation of suspended solid particles from gaseous effluent].
Match: (b) corresponds to (i) Particulate matter.
Step 3: Analysis of Earmuffs
Earmuffs are primary personal protective equipment (PPE) utilized for acoustic protection. High-intensity sound waves (measured logarithmically in decibels, $dB$) characterize noise pollution, which can induce severe physiological and psychological pathologies, including permanent hearing threshold shift. Earmuffs attenuate environmental acoustic energy before it reaches the tympanic membrane.
Match: (c) corresponds to (iii) High noise level.
Step 4: Analysis of Landfills
Sanitary landfills represent a systematic engineering approach for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). Wastes are compacted and placed in an excavated depression or trench, layered sequentially, and covered with impermeable soil/clay to mitigate biological vectors, malodor, and toxic leachate contamination of subterranean aquifers.
Match: (d) corresponds to (iv) Solid wastes.
Visual Logic Mapping
The following vector diagram precisely illustrates the correct stoichiometric and operational matches derived from our analysis.
Final Solution: The scientifically accurate matching sequence is: (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv).
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Environmental Issues EXERCISES
- Q1: What are the various constituents of domestic sewage? Discuss the effects of sewage discharge on a river.
- Q1: What are the various constituents of domestic sewage? Discuss the effects of sewage discharge on a river.
- Q2: List all the wastes that you generate, at home, school or during your trips to other places. Could you very easily reduce the generation of these wastes? Which would be difficult or rather impossible to reduce?
- Q2: List all the wastes that you generate, at home, school or during your trips to other places. Could you very easily reduce the generation of these wastes? Which would be difficult or rather impossible to reduce?
- Q3: Discuss the causes and effects of global warming. What measures need to be taken to control global warming?
- Q3: Discuss the causes and effects of global warming. What measures need to be taken to control global warming?
- Q4: Match the items given in column A and B: Column A Column B (a) Catalytic converter (i) Particulate matter (b) Electrostatic precipitator (ii) Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides (c) Earmuffs (iii) High noise level (d) Landfills (iv) Solid wastes
- Q5(a): Write critical notes on the following: (a) Eutrophication
- Q5(a): Write critical notes on the following: (a) Eutrophication
- Q5(b): Write critical notes on the following: (b) Biological magnification
- Q5(b): Write critical notes on the following: (b) Biological magnification
- Q5(c): Write critical notes on the following: (c) Groundwater depletion and ways for its replenishment
- Q5(c): Write critical notes on the following: (c) Groundwater depletion and ways for its replenishment
- Q6: Why does ozone hole form over Antarctica? How will enhanced ultraviolet radiation affect us?
- Q6: Why does ozone hole form over Antarctica? How will enhanced ultraviolet radiation affect us?
- Q7: Discuss the role of women and communities in protection and conservation of forests.
- Q7: Discuss the role of women and communities in protection and conservation of forests.
- Q8: What measures, as an individual, would you take to reduce environmental pollution?
- Q8: What measures, as an individual, would you take to reduce environmental pollution?
- Q9(a): Discuss briefly the following: (a) Radioactive wastes
- Q9(a): Discuss briefly the following: (a) Radioactive wastes
- Q9(b): Discuss briefly the following: (b) Defunct ships and e-wastes
- Q9(b): Discuss briefly the following: (b) Defunct ships and e-wastes
- Q9(c): Discuss briefly the following: (c) Municipal solid wastes
- Q9(c): Discuss briefly the following: (c) Municipal solid wastes
- Q10: What initiatives were taken for reducing vehicular air pollution in Delhi? Has air quality improved in Delhi?
- Q10: What initiatives were taken for reducing vehicular air pollution in Delhi? Has air quality improved in Delhi?
- Q11(a): Discuss briefly the following: (a) Greenhouse gases
- Q11(a): Discuss briefly the following: (a) Greenhouse gases
- Q11(b): Discuss briefly the following: (b) Catalytic converter
- Q11(b): Discuss briefly the following: (b) Catalytic converter
- Q11(c): Discuss briefly the following: (c) Ultraviolet B
- Q11(c): Discuss briefly the following: (c) Ultraviolet B
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Environmental Issues
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
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