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Q9(i):
Differentiate between the following:- (i) red algae and brown algae
Solution :
Step 1: Classification and Taxonomic Definition
Red algae and brown algae belong to different classes within the kingdom Plantae, specifically within the division of algae. Their differentiation is based on pigment composition, storage products, and cellular morphology [Per biological taxonomic classification].
Step 2: Comparative Analysis Table
| Feature | Red Algae (Rhodophyceae) | Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) |
|---|---|---|
| Dominant Pigments | Chlorophyll $a, d$, and Phycoerythrin (Red pigment) | Chlorophyll $a, c$, and Fucoxanthin (Brown pigment) |
| Stored Food | Floridean starch | Mannitol and Laminarin |
| Cell Wall Composition | Cellulose, pectin, and polysulphate esters | Cellulose and Algin (gelatinous coating) |
| Flagella Presence | Absent (non-motile at all stages) | Present (two unequal, laterally attached flagella) |
Step 3: Structural Visualization
Step 4: Ecological and Physiological Justification
- Photosynthetic Efficiency: Red algae (Rhodophyceae) are adapted to deeper marine habitats where the red pigment phycoerythrin captures blue-green light wavelengths [Per the law of light penetration in aquatic ecosystems].
- Motility: The absence of flagella in red algae is an evolutionary trait reflecting a static life cycle, whereas brown algae (Phaeophyceae) possess motile reproductive zoospores [By evolutionary biological principles].
- Habitat: While both are predominantly marine, brown algae often dominate colder, rocky coastal regions, whereas red algae have a wider distribution in warmer tropical seas.
Final Solution: Red algae are distinguished by the presence of phycoerythrin, the storage of food as Floridean starch, and a complete absence of flagellated stages, whereas brown algae are characterized by fucoxanthin pigments, the storage of mannitol/laminarin, and the presence of biflagellated reproductive cells.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Plant Kingdom EXERCISES
- Q1: What is the basis of classification of algae?
- Q2: When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
- Q3: Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
- Q4: Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.
- Q5: Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
- Q6: Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
- Q7: What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.
- Q8(i): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (i) protonema
- Q8(ii): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (ii) antheridium
- Q8(iii): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (iii) archegonium
- Q8(iv): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (iv) diplontic
- Q8(v): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (v) sporophyll
- Q8(vi): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (vi) isogamy
- Q9(ii): Differentiate between the following:- (ii) liverworts and moss
- Q9(iii): Differentiate between the following:- (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
- Q10: Match the following (column I with column II) Column I Column II (a) Chlamydomonas (i) Moss (b) Cycas (ii) Pteridophyte (c) Selaginella (iii) Algae (d) Sphagnum (iv) Gymnosperm
- Q11: Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Plant Kingdom
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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