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Q1:
What is the basis of classification of algae?
Solution :
1. Theoretical Foundation of Algal Classification
The classification of algae, as established in phycological taxonomy, is primarily based on a multi-factorial analytical framework. The primary criteria include the composition of photosynthetic pigments, the chemical nature of stored food reserves, and the structural properties of the cell wall. These factors facilitate the division of algae into major classes such as Chlorophyceae (Green algae), Phaeophyceae (Brown algae), and Rhodophyceae (Red algae).
2. Comparative Matrix of Algal Classification
The following table illustrates the diagnostic features used for differentiation:
| Criteria | Chlorophyceae | Phaeophyceae | Rhodophyceae |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major Pigments | Chlorophyll $a$, $b$ | Chlorophyll $a$, $c$, Fucoxanthin | Chlorophyll $a$, $d$, Phycoerythrin |
| Stored Food | Starch | Mannitol, Laminarin | Floridean Starch |
| Cell Wall | Cellulose | Cellulose and Algin | Cellulose, Pectin, Polysulphate esters |
| Flagellar Number | 2-8 (Equal, apical) | 2 (Unequal, lateral) | Absent |
3. Granular Analysis of Taxonomic Criteria
- Photosynthetic Pigment Profiles: The specific wavelengths of light absorbed are determined by the pigment composition. [Per the Law of Light Absorption], different algae occupy varying depths in aquatic ecosystems based on these pigments, specifically phycoerythrin in deep-water Rhodophyceae [Ref: Complementary Chromatic Adaptation].
- Metabolic Storage Products: The biochemical pathways for energy storage diverge significantly. Chlorophyceae utilize starch synthesis pathways similar to higher plants, whereas Phaeophyceae rely on complex polysaccharides like mannitol [Per Metabolic Biochemistry].
- Structural Morphologies: The cell wall composition acts as a key taxonomic marker. For instance, the presence of algin in Phaeophyceae serves a hydrodynamic function in tidal environments, whereas the absence of flagella in Rhodophyceae defines their distinct evolutionary lineage.
4. Visual Representation of Flagellar Distribution
Final Solution: The classification of algae is based primarily on three fundamental criteria: (1) The type of photosynthetic pigments present (which determines color and light-harvesting efficiency), (2) The chemical nature of the stored food reserves (e.g., starch, mannitol, or floridean starch), and (3) The composition of the cell wall (e.g., presence of cellulose, algin, or pectin). Additional criteria include the number and position of flagellar insertion and the complexity of the life cycle.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Plant Kingdom EXERCISES
- Q2: When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
- Q3: Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
- Q4: Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.
- Q5: Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
- Q6: Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
- Q7: What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.
- Q8(i): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (i) protonema
- Q8(ii): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (ii) antheridium
- Q8(iii): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (iii) archegonium
- Q8(iv): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (iv) diplontic
- Q8(v): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (v) sporophyll
- Q8(vi): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (vi) isogamy
- Q9(i): Differentiate between the following:- (i) red algae and brown algae
- Q9(ii): Differentiate between the following:- (ii) liverworts and moss
- Q9(iii): Differentiate between the following:- (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
- Q10: Match the following (column I with column II) Column I Column II (a) Chlamydomonas (i) Moss (b) Cycas (ii) Pteridophyte (c) Selaginella (iii) Algae (d) Sphagnum (iv) Gymnosperm
- Q11: Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Plant Kingdom
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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