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Q4:
Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.
Solution :
Analytical Breakdown of Biological Ploidy
Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. In the life cycle of plants, this alternates between the haploid ($n$) gametophytic phase and the diploid ($2n$) sporophytic phase [Per the Alternation of Generations model].
| Biological Structure | Ploidy Level | Justification |
|---|---|---|
| Protonemal cell of a moss | Haploid ($n$) | Protonema is the filamentous juvenile stage of the gametophyte developed from a haploid spore. |
| Primary Endosperm Nucleus (PEN) | Triploid ($3n$) | Formed by the fusion of two polar nuclei ($n+n$) and one male gamete ($n$) during double fertilization. |
| Leaf cell of a moss | Haploid ($n$) | The dominant vegetative body of a moss is the gametophyte ($n$). |
| Prothallus cell of a fern | Haploid ($n$) | The prothallus is the independent, free-living gametophytic stage of pteridophytes. |
| Gemma cell in Marchantia | Haploid ($n$) | Gemmae are asexual reproductive bodies produced on the haploid thallus of liverworts. |
| Meristem cell of a monocot | Diploid ($2n$) | Meristematic tissue is part of the mature sporophytic plant body. |
| Ovum of a liverwort | Haploid ($n$) | The ovum (egg cell) is the female gamete produced via mitosis within the archegonium. |
| Zygote of a fern | Diploid ($2n$) | Formed by the syngamy of the male gamete ($n$) and female gamete ($n$) [By Law of Fertilization]. |
Visual Representation of Ploidy Cycle
Summary of Deductions
- Gametophytic Structures: Protonema ($n$), Moss leaf ($n$), Prothallus ($n$), Gemma ($n$), Ovum ($n$).
- Sporophytic Structures: Meristem ($2n$), Zygote ($2n$).
- Unique Structure: Primary Endosperm Nucleus ($3n$) due to vegetative fertilization.
Final Solution: The ploidy levels are: Protonemal cell ($n$), Primary endosperm nucleus ($3n$), Leaf cell of moss ($n$), Prothallus cell ($n$), Gemma cell ($n$), Meristem cell ($2n$), Ovum of liverwort ($n$), and Zygote of fern ($2n$).
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Plant Kingdom EXERCISES
- Q1: What is the basis of classification of algae?
- Q2: When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
- Q3: Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
- Q5: Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
- Q6: Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
- Q7: What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.
- Q8(i): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (i) protonema
- Q8(ii): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (ii) antheridium
- Q8(iii): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (iii) archegonium
- Q8(iv): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (iv) diplontic
- Q8(v): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (v) sporophyll
- Q8(vi): Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (vi) isogamy
- Q9(i): Differentiate between the following:- (i) red algae and brown algae
- Q9(ii): Differentiate between the following:- (ii) liverworts and moss
- Q9(iii): Differentiate between the following:- (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
- Q10: Match the following (column I with column II) Column I Column II (a) Chlamydomonas (i) Moss (b) Cycas (ii) Pteridophyte (c) Selaginella (iii) Algae (d) Sphagnum (iv) Gymnosperm
- Q11: Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Plant Kingdom
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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