Kakinada

Rinsha V P replied | 2 days ago

The cell cycle consists of two main phases: Interphase and M phase (Mitotic phase).

Interphase
Interphase is further divided into three stages:

1. G1 (Gap 1): This is the first growth phase where the cell grows, replicates organelles, and prepares for DNA replication. The cell increases in size, and the genetic material is still in its replicated form from the previous cell cycle.
2. S (Synthesis): During this stage, DNA replication occurs. The genetic material is duplicated, and each chromosome now consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
3. G2 (Gap 2): This is the second growth phase where the cell continues to grow, and the replicated DNA is checked for errors. The cell prepares for cell division by producing organelles and proteins needed for mitosis.

M Phase (Mitotic Phase)
The M phase is divided into four stages:

1. Prophase: During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. The mitotic spindle forms, and the chromosomes begin to move towards the center of the cell.
2. Metaphase: In metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (an imaginary plane equidistant from the two spindle poles) in the center of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.
3. Anaphase: During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Each chromatid is now considered a chromosome.
4. Telophase: In telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes uncoil, returning to their less visible chromatin form.

Srimayee Pramanik replied | 2 days ago

Sutari Srinivasulu replied | 2 days ago

The valency of carbon is 4.

This means a carbon atom can form four covalent bonds with other atoms to complete its outermost shell.

Yogendra Prasad Shukla replied | 2 days ago

The valency of carbon is 4.

due to valency 4 and the property of catenation, carbon forms a vast variety of long chain organic compounds.

Dheeraj Kushwaha replied | 2 days ago

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