In cel cycle there are two phases interphase and m phase and further interplase divide in 3 part and m phase in 2 part can you please explain the G ¹ , S , G ² and prophase ,metophase,anephase,telophase

The cell cycle has two main phases: Interphase and M phase. During Interphase, the cell prepares for division and it has three parts: 🔹 G₁ Phase – Cell grows and makes proteins 🔹 S Phase – DNA is copied (replication) 🔹 G₂ Phase – Final checks before division Then comes the M Phase (Mitosis) which includes: 🔸 Prophase – Chromosomes appear, nucleus breaks 🔸 Metaphase – Chromosomes line up in the center 🔸 Anaphase – Chromosomes are pulled apart 🔸 Telophase – New nuclei form After this, the cell splits into two cells through a process called cytokinesis. read less

The cell cycle is the process by which a cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides into two new cells. It has two main phases: 1. Interphase (The preparation phase – longest part) This is when the cell is doing its normal job and getting ready to divide. It’s further divided into 3 parts: G₁ phase (Gap 1): The cell grows in size, makes proteins, and gets bigger. It’s basically doing all its regular work here. S phase (Synthesis): This is where DNA replication happens. Every chromosome makes an exact copy of itself so that both new cells will have a full set of DNA. G₂ phase (Gap 2): The cell checks everything it copied to make sure there are no mistakes. It also makes the final preparations for cell division. 2. M phase (Mitosis – the actual division) Now the cell is ready to divide. Mitosis has 4 main stages: Prophase: Chromosomes become visible as they coil up tightly. The nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers start to form. Metaphase: All the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Think of it like a lineup before a race. Anaphase: The sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome) are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase: Two new nuclei form around the separated chromatids, and the chromosomes start to uncoil again. The cell is almost ready to split. After mitosis, the final step is cytokinesis, where the cell actually splits into two new cells, each with a full set of DNA. read less

The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. It consists of two main phases: 1. Interphase This is the phase where the cell spends most of its life. During interphase, the cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division. It is divided into three parts: G₁ phase (Gap 1): The cell grows in size. It makes new proteins and organelles. It performs its normal metabolic functions. It’s a checkpoint to decide if the cell should divide. S phase (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs here. Each chromosome is duplicated, so the cell ends up with two copies of each chromosome. After this phase, the cell has twice the normal amount of DNA. G₂ phase (Gap 2): The cell continues to grow. It makes final preparations for cell division. It checks the duplicated DNA for errors and repairs them if needed. Organelles needed for division (like centrosomes) are also duplicated. 2. M phase (Mitotic phase) This is the division phase and includes two main processes: Mitosis – Division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis – Division of the cytoplasm (sometimes overlaps with the last stages of mitosis). Mitosis is further divided into four stages: Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. Each chromosome has two sister chromatids (identical copies). The nuclear envelope begins to break down. The mitotic spindle (made of microtubules) begins to form. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (at the metaphase plate). Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. Anaphase: The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. They move to opposite poles of the cell. Telophase: Chromatids reach the poles and start to decondense into chromatin. Two new nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes. The spindle fibers disappear. Cytokinesis (not part of mitosis, but part of M phase): The cell's cytoplasm divides. Two genetically identical daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms; in plant cells, a cell plate forms. read less

1. Interphase This is the longest phase where the cell prepares for division. It is divided into three parts: a) G₁ Phase (Gap 1): The cell grows in size. Organelles increase in number. The cell performs its normal functions. It checks for DNA damage and decides whether to proceed to the next phase. b) S Phase (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs. Each chromosome makes an identical copy (sister chromatids). The cell now has double the amount of DNA. c) G₂ Phase (Gap 2): The cell continues to grow. Prepares all the necessary proteins and organelles for mitosis. Checks for any DNA damage after replication. 2. M Phase (Mitotic Phase) This is when the cell divides. It has two parts: A) Mitosis (division of the nucleus): Mitosis is further divided into four stages: i) Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. Nuclear envelope starts to break down. Spindle fibers begin to form from centrioles. ii) Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center (metaphase plate) of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome. iii) Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. Each chromatid is now considered an individual chromosome. iv) Telophase: Chromosomes start to de-condense. Nuclear envelopes re-form around the two sets of chromosomes. Spindle fibers disappear. B) Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm): The cell splits into two daughter cells. Each has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. read less

Interphase (Preparation Phase) G¹ Phase – Cell grows and makes proteins. S Phase – DNA is copied (replicated). G² Phase – Cell prepares for division by making more proteins and organelles. M Phase (Mitosis – Cell Division) Prophase – Chromosomes condense, spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks. Metaphase – Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Anaphase – Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides. Telophase – Nuclear envelopes reform, chromosomes decondense. read less