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Q7:
How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
Solution :
Biological Mechanism: Amoeboid Nutrition (Phagocytosis)
The Amoeba, a unicellular organism, utilizes a process known as phagocytosis (cell eating) to obtain nutrients. This mechanism relies on the high plasticity of its plasma membrane and the coordinated formation of temporary cytoplasmic extensions.
Step 1: Ingestion (Pseudopodia Formation)
When food particles (such as bacteria or microscopic algae) approach the Amoeba, the cell membrane extends outward in the form of finger-like projections called pseudopodia (false feet) [Per the principle of cytoplasmic streaming]. The pseudopodia surround the food particle completely.
Step 2: Formation of the Food Vacuole
Upon engulfing the food, the tips of the pseudopodia fuse together, enclosing the food particle within a sac-like structure within the cytoplasm known as a food vacuole [Following the Law of Membrane Fusion and Vesicle Formation].
Step 3: Digestion
The food vacuole migrates deeper into the cytoplasm. Lysosomes within the cell fuse with the food vacuole and release digestive enzymes (such as proteases, amylases, and lipases) into the vacuole. These enzymes chemically break down the complex organic matter into simpler, soluble substances [Per the metabolic principle of enzymatic hydrolysis].
Step 4: Absorption and Assimilation
The digested food is absorbed directly into the cytoplasm through the membrane of the food vacuole via diffusion. Once in the cytoplasm, the nutrients are utilized for energy production, growth, and cellular repair [Per the biological principle of assimilation].
Step 5: Egestion (Exocytosis)
The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell. The cell membrane ruptures at this point to expel the waste material into the surrounding environment. This process is known as exocytosis or egestion [Per the principle of metabolic waste elimination].
| Stage | Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Ingestion | Phagocytosis via pseudopodia |
| Digestion | Enzymatic hydrolysis in food vacuole |
| Absorption | Diffusion into cytoplasm |
| Egestion | Exocytosis of waste |
Final Solution: The Amoeba obtains food by engulfing it through the extension of pseudopodia to form a food vacuole, where the food is digested by enzymes, absorbed into the cytoplasm, and the resulting waste is expelled through exocytosis.
More Questions from Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Exercises
- Q1: Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
- Q2: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
- Q3: What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
- Q4: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
- Q5: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
- Q6: Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
- Q8: What is osmosis?
- Q9(i): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
- Q9(ii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
- Q9(iii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
- Q10: Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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