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Q6:
Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
Solution :
Step 1: Identification of Synthesizing Organelles
The biosynthesis of the components of the plasma membrane, specifically lipids and proteins, is sequestered to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) [Per the Endomembrane System Theory]. The synthesis is localized based on the structural specialization of the ER:
- Lipids: Primarily synthesized by the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER).
- Proteins: Synthesized by the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), which is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its surface [Per the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology].
Step 2: Analytical Breakdown of Synthesis Sites
| Component | Site of Synthesis | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Lipids | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | The SER lacks ribosomes and contains enzymes necessary for lipid metabolism and synthesis, such as phospholipids and cholesterol. |
| Proteins | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | Ribosomes attached to the RER membrane synthesize polypeptide chains via translation of mRNA, which are then folded and modified within the ER lumen. |
Step 3: Membrane Biogenesis Integration
The process of synthesizing these components to form the plasma membrane is collectively known as Membrane Biogenesis. The newly synthesized proteins and lipids are transported from the ER to their final destinations via transport vesicles [Per the Vesicular Transport Model].
Step 4: Schematic Representation of ER Functionality
Theoretical Justification
The plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic structure consisting of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins [Per the Singer-Nicolson Fluid Mosaic Model]. Because the plasma membrane is dynamic and requires continuous repair and growth, the cell utilizes the ER to manufacture these constituents. The RERโs rough appearance is due to the docked ribosomes that translate genetic information into functional proteins, while the SERโs smooth appearance reflects its specialization in lipid production and detoxification processes.
Final Solution: Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), and lipids are synthesized in the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER).
More Questions from Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Exercises
- Q1: Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
- Q2: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
- Q3: What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
- Q4: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
- Q5: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
- Q7: How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
- Q8: What is osmosis?
- Q9(i): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
- Q9(ii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
- Q9(iii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
- Q10: Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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