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Q5:
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
Solution :
Identification of the Powerhouse
The organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria).
Step 1: Scientific Justification for the Designation
The mitochondrion is designated as the "powerhouse" due to its critical role in cellular respiration, specifically in the production of energy-rich molecules. This process can be broken down into the following logical steps:
- ATP Synthesis: Mitochondria are the primary sites where the chemical energy stored in nutrients (specifically glucose) is converted into a usable form of energy for the cell. This energy is stored in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) molecules [Per the principles of Cellular Bioenergetics].
- The Currency of Energy: ATP is universally referred to as the "energy currency of the cell" because it provides the immediate chemical energy required for diverse biological activities, such as muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and impulse conduction.
- Structural Specialization: Mitochondria possess a double-membrane structure. The inner membrane is deeply folded into structures called cristae. These folds significantly increase the surface area available for the chemical reactions involved in ATP production, thereby maximizing efficiency [Per the structure-function relationship in cell biology].
Step 2: Visual Representation of Mitochondrial Structure
Step 3: Comparative Analysis of Energy Production
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Process | Aerobic Cellular Respiration |
| Primary Fuel | Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) |
| Chemical Product | Adenosine Triphosphate ($ATP$) |
| Biological Utility | Powers all endergonic metabolic reactions |
Because the mitochondrion is the exclusive site for the Krebs cycle and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells, it maintains the homeostatic energy levels required for life to persist.
Final Solution: The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell because it is the site of aerobic respiration where glucose is oxidized to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), providing the necessary energy for all cellular functions.
More Questions from Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Exercises
- Q1: Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
- Q2: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
- Q3: What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
- Q4: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
- Q6: Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
- Q7: How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
- Q8: What is osmosis?
- Q9(i): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
- Q9(ii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
- Q9(iii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
- Q10: Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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