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Q1:
Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
Solution :
Step 1: Structural Differentiation Framework
To analyze the differences between plant and animal cells, we must examine the presence of specialized organelles, the nature of the cell boundary, and the mechanisms of metabolic storage. The following table delineates these distinctions:
| Feature | Plant Cell | Animal Cell |
|---|---|---|
| Cell Wall | Present (composed of cellulose) [Structural support axiom] | Absent [Plasma membrane only] |
| Plastids | Present (e.g., Chloroplasts for photosynthesis) | Absent |
| Vacuoles | Large, central permanent vacuole [Turgor pressure maintenance] | Small, temporary, or absent |
| Centrosomes/Centrioles | Absent in most higher plants | Present [Essential for spindle formation] |
| Shape | Fixed, rectangular/hexagonal [Due to cell wall] | Irregular or spherical [Flexible membrane] |
Step 2: Visual Representation of Cellular Divergence
Step 3: Analytical Justification of Differences
- Mechanical Rigidity: The plant cell wall, primarily composed of $Cellulose$, provides high tensile strength, allowing plants to grow against gravity. Animal cells rely on a fluid $Phospholipid$ bilayer, which necessitates flexibility for mobility [Per the Fluid Mosaic Model].
- Metabolic Strategy: The presence of $Chloroplasts$ ($6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{light} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$) defines the autotrophic nature of plant cells, whereas animal cells are heterotrophic and lack the machinery for solar energy conversion.
- Homeostasis and Storage: The large central vacuole in plant cells occupies up to $90\%$ of the volume, exerting turgor pressure against the cell wall to maintain structural integrity. In contrast, animal cells manage waste and nutrients through smaller $Lysosomes$ and $Vesicles$ [Endomembrane System function].
Final Solution: Plant cells are distinguished from animal cells by the possession of a rigid cellulose cell wall, large central vacuoles, and plastids such as chloroplasts, whereas animal cells are characterized by their flexible plasma membrane, the presence of centrioles, and the absence of a cell wall.
More Questions from Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Exercises
- Q2: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
- Q3: What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
- Q4: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
- Q5: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
- Q6: Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
- Q7: How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
- Q8: What is osmosis?
- Q9(i): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
- Q9(ii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
- Q9(iii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
- Q10: Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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