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Q10:
Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
Solution :
Step 1: Analysis of Cell Division for Growth and Repair
In multicellular organisms, the process required for the growth of the organism and the repair of damaged tissues is known as Mitosis (or equational division).
- Mechanism: During mitosis, a parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells [Per the Cell Theory, cells arise from pre-existing cells via division].
- Ploidy Maintenance: The chromosome number remains constant (e.g., diploid $2n$ to diploid $2n$). This ensures that all somatic (body) cells possess an identical set of genetic instructions.
- Application: This allows for the replacement of worn-out cells (e.g., skin cells, lining of the gut) and the increase in cell mass during physical development.
Step 2: Analysis of Cell Division for Gamete Formation
The process required for the formation of gametes (sperm and ova) is known as Meiosis (or reductional division).
- Mechanism: Meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II) that result in the formation of four daughter cells [By the principles of sexual reproduction].
- Ploidy Reduction: The chromosome number is reduced to half (e.g., diploid $2n$ to haploid $n$). This is essential because the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization must restore the original diploid number ($n + n = 2n$) of the species.
- Genetic Variation: Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves crossing-over and independent assortment, which introduces genetic variation within a population.
Step 3: Comparative Summary Table
| Feature | Mitosis | Meiosis |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Growth and Repair | Gamete formation |
| Daughter Cells | Two identical cells | Four genetically distinct cells |
| Chromosome Change | Remains $2n \rightarrow 2n$ | Reduced $2n \rightarrow n$ |
Step 4: Schematic Representation
Final Solution: Mitosis is the type of cell division required for the growth and repair of the body, whereas Meiosis is the type of cell division involved in the formation of gametes.
More Questions from Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Exercises
- Q1: Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
- Q2: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
- Q3: What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
- Q4: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
- Q5: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
- Q6: Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
- Q7: How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
- Q8: What is osmosis?
- Q9(i): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
- Q9(ii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
- Q9(iii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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