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Q3:
What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
Solution :
1. Theoretical Foundation of the Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, is a selectively permeable, phospholipid-bilayer structure that acts as the primary barrier between the internal cellular environment and the external surroundings. It governs the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products [Per the Fluid Mosaic Model, Singer and Nicolson, 1972].
2. Consequences of Membrane Rupture
If the plasma membrane suffers a mechanical or chemical rupture, the cell loses its homeostatic integrity. The sequence of events follows a logical progression of physiological failure:
- Loss of Selective Permeability: The cell loses the ability to regulate the entry and exit of molecules. Substances that are typically excluded (e.g., toxins, excess ions) will diffuse into the cell uncontrollably based on concentration gradients [Per the Principles of Passive Diffusion].
- Cytoplasmic Leakage: The cytosol, which contains essential organelles, enzymes, and structural proteins, will leak into the extracellular fluid.
- Osmotic Collapse: The internal osmotic pressure, maintained by the membrane-bound sodium-potassium pumps, will dissipate. The cell will be unable to maintain the ionic balance necessary for metabolic reactions.
- Organelle Degradation: As the cytoplasm escapes, organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum are exposed to external hydrolytic enzymes and unfavorable pH conditions, leading to rapid denaturation of proteins.
3. Visual Representation of Membrane Failure
4. Summary of Physiological Impact
| Mechanism | Impact on Cell |
|---|---|
| Membrane Rupture | Total loss of homeostasis. |
| Ionic Influx | Disruption of electrochemical gradients ($Na^+/K^+$ imbalance). |
| Structural Integrity | Cytolysis (cell death) resulting in cellular lysis. |
Final Solution: If the plasma membrane ruptures, the cell will lose its ability to regulate its internal environment. Essential cellular components will diffuse out into the surrounding medium while harmful external substances will flood the cell. This loss of homeostasis results in the immediate cessation of metabolic activities and ultimately leads to cell death (necrosis).
More Questions from Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life Exercises
- Q1: Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
- Q2: How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
- Q4: What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
- Q5: Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
- Q6: Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
- Q7: How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
- Q8: What is osmosis?
- Q9(i): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
- Q9(ii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
- Q9(iii): Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoos each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now, (a) Keep cup A empty (b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B (c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C (d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D. Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
- Q10: Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Science
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