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Q77(vi):
State True or False: The differential equation representing the family of circles $x^2 + (y – a)^2 = a^2$ will be of order two.

Solution :

Step 1: Identifying the General Equation and Parameters

The given family of circles is defined by the equation:

$x^2 + (y - a)^2 = a^2$

In this equation, $a$ represents the radius of the circle as well as the vertical coordinate of the center $(0, a)$. [By the standard form of a circle equation $(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2$, where center $(h,k) = (0, a)$ and radius $r = a$.]

Step 2: Counting the Independent Arbitrary Constants

The equation contains only one arbitrary constant, $a$. The order of a differential equation representing a family of curves is equal to the number of independent arbitrary constants present in the equation of that family. [Per the fundamental theorem of ordinary differential equations regarding the reduction of arbitrary constants.]

Step 3: Deriving the Differential Equation

To eliminate the arbitrary constant $a$, we first expand the original equation:

$x^2 + y^2 - 2ay + a^2 = a^2$

$x^2 + y^2 = 2ay$

Differentiating both sides with respect to $x$ using the chain rule and the product rule:

$\frac{d}{dx}(x^2 + y^2) = \frac{d}{dx}(2ay)$

$2x + 2y \frac{dy}{dx} = 2a \frac{dy}{dx}$

Divide by 2:

$x + y \frac{dy}{dx} = a \frac{dy}{dx}$

Substitute $a = \frac{x^2 + y^2}{2y}$ (derived from the expanded equation) into the derivative expression to isolate variables:

$x + y \frac{dy}{dx} = \left(\frac{x^2 + y^2}{2y}\right) \frac{dy}{dx}$

Step 4: Determining the Order

The resulting differential equation involves only the first derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$. As established in Step 2, since there is only one arbitrary constant $a$, the order of the differential equation must be 1. [By the property that the order of the differential equation of a family of curves is equal to the number of essential arbitrary constants.]

(0, a) O

Step 5: Logical Conclusion

The statement claims the differential equation is of order two. Based on the derivation above, the order is actually one. Therefore, the statement is false.

Final Solution: False. The differential equation representing the family of circles $x^2 + (y – a)^2 = a^2$ has only one arbitrary constant, implying it is of order one, not order two.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations EXERCISE 9.3


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations


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