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Q2:
Find the differential equation of all non vertical lines in a plane.

Solution :

Step 1: Establishing the General Equation of the Family of Curves

The general equation for any non-vertical line in a Cartesian plane is expressed in the slope-intercept form:

$y = mx + c$

Where:

  • $m$ represents the slope of the line (a constant parameter).
  • $c$ represents the y-intercept of the line (a constant parameter).
  • $x$ and $y$ are the coordinate variables.

[By the definition of linear functions in Euclidean geometry, a non-vertical line is uniquely determined by two independent constants, $m$ and $c$.]

Step 2: First-Order Differentiation

To eliminate the constants, we differentiate the equation with respect to $x$:

$\frac{d}{dx}(y) = \frac{d}{dx}(mx + c)$

$\frac{dy}{dx} = m$

[Per the Power Rule and the Constant Rule of differentiation, where $\frac{d}{dx}(mx) = m$ and $\frac{d}{dx}(c) = 0$.]

Step 3: Second-Order Differentiation

Since we have two arbitrary constants ($m$ and $c$), we must differentiate a second time to eliminate $m$:

$\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right) = \frac{d}{dx}(m)$

$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = 0$

[Per the Derivative of a Constant Rule, the derivative of any constant $m$ with respect to $x$ is $0$.]

Step 4: Geometric Visualization

x y y = mx + c

Step 5: Final Resultant Differential Equation

The elimination of arbitrary constants $m$ and $c$ results in a second-order linear homogeneous differential equation. The equation $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = 0$ characterizes the set of all straight lines because the rate of change of the slope is zero for any linear function.

Final Solution: $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = 0$


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations EXERCISE 9.3


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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