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Q55:
The integrating factor of the differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} + (1+\frac{1}{x})y = ...$ is:

Solution :

Step 1: Identification of the Differential Equation Type

The given equation is of the standard linear first-order differential equation form:

$\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = Q(x)$

[By the classification of First-Order Linear Differential Equations, where $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ are functions of $x$ alone.]

Step 2: Extraction of the Coefficient Function $P(x)$

Comparing the provided equation $\frac{dy}{dx} + (1 + \frac{1}{x})y = Q(x)$ with the standard form, we identify the term $P(x)$:

$P(x) = 1 + \frac{1}{x}$

Step 3: Derivation of the Integrating Factor (IF) Formula

The Integrating Factor ($IF$) for a linear differential equation of the form $\frac{dy}{dx} + Py = Q$ is defined by the exponential integral formula:

$IF = e^{\int P(x) \, dx}$

[Per the definition of the integrating factor in the context of linear differential equations.]

Step 4: Evaluating the Integral of $P(x)$

Substitute $P(x)$ into the exponent:

$\int P(x) \, dx = \int (1 + \frac{1}{x}) \, dx$

Applying the linearity property of integration:

$\int 1 \, dx + \int \frac{1}{x} \, dx = x + \ln|x|$

[Using the standard integration formulas $\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}$ and $\int \frac{1}{x} dx = \ln|x| + C$.]

Step 5: Final Calculation of the Integrating Factor

Substitute the evaluated integral back into the expression for $IF$:

$IF = e^{x + \ln|x|}$

Utilizing the laws of exponents ($e^{a+b} = e^a \cdot e^b$):

$IF = e^x \cdot e^{\ln|x|}$

Applying the identity $e^{\ln(f(x))} = f(x)$:

$IF = e^x \cdot x$

$IF = x e^x$

Visual Representation of the Integrating Factor Growth

x y Graph of f(x) = x e^x

Final Solution: The integrating factor of the differential equation is $x e^x$.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations EXERCISE 9.3


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Differential Equations


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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