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Q8:
What are three options to increase food production? Discuss each giving the salient features, merits and demerits.
Solution :
1. Plant Breeding and Genetic Improvement
Plant breeding involves the purposeful manipulation of plant species to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for human use. It is a systematic process of crossing or hybridization followed by rigorous selection.
| Feature | Merits | Demerits |
|---|---|---|
| Involves hybridisation and selection [Ref: Classical Breeding]. | High yield, disease resistance, and environmental stress tolerance. | Time-consuming and labor-intensive processes. |
2. Biofortification
Biofortification is the breeding of crops with higher levels of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and healthier fats. This is currently the most practical method to improve public health [Ref: Nutritional Genomics].
- Salient Features: Focuses on quantitative traits to improve nutritional quality. Examples include iron-fortified rice and vitamin A-enriched carrots.
- Merits: Cost-effective strategy to address "hidden hunger" without requiring behavioral changes in food consumption.
- Demerits: Does not address caloric sufficiency; requires sustained investment in agricultural research and distribution infrastructure.
3. Single Cell Protein (SCP) Production
SCP involves the production of microbial biomass (algae, bacteria, fungi) as a protein source for animal feed or human consumption. Microorganisms like Methylophilus methylotrophus are utilized due to their high rate of biomass production.
Analysis of SCP Technology:
- Production Mechanics: Microbes are grown in industrial fermenters using agricultural waste (straw, molasses) or industrial effluents [Per the Law of Conservation of Mass].
- Merits: Extremely high protein content, requires minimal land, and can utilize waste products, thereby promoting a circular economy.
- Demerits: Potential for allergic reactions, presence of nucleic acids (high purine content) causing metabolic issues if consumed in excess, and public acceptance hurdles.
Final Solution: The three primary strategic options for increasing food production are: (1) Genetic Plant Breeding to enhance yield and resilience, (2) Biofortification to augment the nutritional value of existing crops, and (3) Production of Single Cell Proteins (SCP) as an alternative high-protein food source derived from microbial biomass. Each strategy plays a specific role in global food security, balancing yield, nutritional quality, and ecological sustainability.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
- Q1: You are a Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake to release a new variety.
- Q2(a): (a) The shift from grain to meat diets creates more demands for cereals. Why?
- Q2(b): (b) A 250 kg cow produces 200 g of protein per day but 250 g of Methylophillus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein Name this emerging area of research. Explain its benefits.
- Q3: What are the advantages of tissue culture methods over conventional method of plant breeding in crop improvement programmes?
- Q4: ‘Modern methods of breeding animals and plants can alleviate the global food shortage’. Comment on the statement and give suitable examples.
- Q5: Does apiculture offer multiple advantages to farmers? List its advantages if it is located near a place of commercial flower cultivation.
- Q6(a): (a) Mutations are beneficial for plant breeding. Taking an example, justify the statement.
- Q6(b): (b) Discuss briefly the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production.
- Q7: Discuss how the property of plant cell totipotency has been utilised for plant propagation and improvement
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 EXERCISES
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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