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Q9:
Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
Solution :
1. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Definition and Scope
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) comprise a collection of medical procedures designed to facilitate fertilization and embryo development outside or inside the reproductive tract for couples experiencing clinical infertility [Per WHO guidelines on Reproductive Health].
2. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Embryo Transfer (ET)
In this technique, often termed "test-tube baby" program, ova from the wife/donor and sperms from the husband/donor are collected and induced to form a zygote under simulated laboratory conditions.
- ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer): The zygote or early embryos (up to 8 blastomeres) are transferred into the fallopian tube [Biotechnological application for tubal factor infertility].
- IUT (Intra Uterine Transfer): Embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus to complete further development.
3. Gamete-Based Procedures
When the female partner cannot produce an ovum, but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and development:
- GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer): Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide the environment for fertilization.
- ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection): A specialized procedure where a single sperm is directly injected into the ovum [Used in cases of male-factor infertility, such as low sperm count or motility].
4. Artificial Insemination (AI)
This procedure is employed when the male partner is unable to inseminate the female or has a very low sperm count. Semen collected from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or uterus of the female.
- IUI (Intra Uterine Insemination): The sperm is injected directly into the uterus, increasing the probability of fertilization by bypassing cervical barriers.
Visual Representation of Assisted Reproductive Pathways
Summary Table of Procedures
| Procedure | Target Location | Primary Indication |
|---|---|---|
| ZIFT | Fallopian Tube | Zygote development failure |
| IUT | Uterus | Embryo stage > 8 cells |
| ICSI | Cytoplasm of Ovum | Male infertility (motility/count) |
| GIFT | Fallopian Tube | Inability to produce ova |
Final Solution: The methods to assist infertile couples include IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer), IUT (Intra Uterine Transfer), GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer), ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection), and Artificial Insemination (AI/IUI).
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health EXERCISES
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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