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Q11(a):
State True/False with explanation
(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
Solution :
Statement Analysis
The statement "Abortions could happen spontaneously too" is True.
Biological Definition and Explanation
In medical and reproductive biology, an abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy. While the term is often associated with Induced Abortion (a medical or surgical intervention to terminate a pregnancy), the clinical term for a spontaneous termination is a Spontaneous Abortion, more commonly referred to in lay terms as a miscarriage.
Sequential Analysis of Spontaneous Abortion
- Definition: A spontaneous abortion is the natural loss of a fetus before the $20^{th}$ week of pregnancy [Per clinical definitions established by the World Health Organization (WHO)].
- Etiology (Biological Causes): Spontaneous abortions are rarely the result of maternal actions; they are primarily caused by non-preventable biological factors:
- Chromosomal Abnormalities: Approximately $50\%$ to $70\%$ of first-trimester miscarriages are due to random errors in the pairing or segregation of chromosomes (e.g., aneuploidy) during the early stages of zygotic development [By Mendelian Genetic Principles].
- Maternal Health Conditions: Uncontrolled endocrine disorders (such as diabetes mellitus or thyroid dysfunction) or structural uterine abnormalities can impede the implantation or nourishment of the embryo.
- Immunological Factors: The maternal immune system may occasionally recognize the embryo as a foreign entity, triggering a rejection response.
- Hormonal Imbalance: Inadequate production of progesterone by the corpus luteum, which is essential for maintaining the endometrial lining during early gestation, can result in the detachment of the conceptus.
Comparative Overview
| Feature | Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) | Induced Abortion |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Involuntary/Natural | Voluntary/Medical |
| Primary Driver | Biological/Genetic error | Clinical/Personal decision |
| Mechanism | Body initiates detachment | External intervention (pharmacological or surgical) |
Conclusion
Because the biological process of pregnancy termination can occur without any external medical interference—often due to fetal developmental non-viability—the occurrence of spontaneous abortion is a documented clinical reality within human reproductive health.
Final Solution: True. Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) occurs due to biological factors such as chromosomal anomalies or hormonal imbalances, resulting in the natural termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health EXERCISES
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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