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Q8:
Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
Solution :
1. Conceptual Definition of Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic technique originally developed to detect chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome, Turner syndrome), metabolic disorders, and fetal infections by analyzing the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus [Per the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994].
2. The Rationale Behind the Ban
The legislative ban on using amniocentesis for sex determination is fundamentally rooted in ethical, social, and demographic imperatives:
- Mitigation of Female Feticide: The technique was widely misused to identify the sex of the fetus, leading to the targeted termination of female pregnancies, a practice colloquially known as female feticide.
- Imbalance in Sex Ratio: Systematic elimination of female fetuses leads to a severe skew in the child sex ratio (number of females per 1,000 males), resulting in long-term sociological repercussions.
- Social Equality: The ban upholds the constitutional right to life and promotes gender equality, preventing the devaluation of female lives based on gender preference.
3. Comparative Analysis: Clinical Necessity vs. Misuse
| Aspect | Clinical Utility (Permissible) | Societal Misuse (Banned) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Objective | Genetic screening for fetal abnormalities. | Identification of biological sex. |
| Outcome | Informed decision-making for managing high-risk pregnancies. | Gender-selective abortion. |
| Legal Status | Legal under strict medical supervision. | Illegal under the PCPNDT Act. |
4. Visual Representation of the Diagnostic Mechanism
5. Academic Conclusion on Policy Necessity
The ban is strictly necessary. From a public health and legal standpoint, the potential for harm resulting from the misuse of medical technology outweighs its convenience as a diagnostic tool. By criminalizing the misuse of amniocentesis for sex determination, the state creates a protective barrier against gender-based discrimination at the embryonic stage, thereby protecting the demographic integrity and fundamental human rights of the female population [In accordance with the PNDT Act's objective to prevent the decline in the sex ratio].
Final Solution: The ban on amniocentesis for sex determination is an essential legislative intervention required to curb the malpractice of female feticide, maintain the natural sex ratio, and ensure the fundamental right to life regardless of gender.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health EXERCISES
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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