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Q5:
What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
Solution :
1. Physiological and Demographic Determinants
Population explosion, defined as the rapid increase in the size of a human population, is fundamentally driven by the widening gap between the Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and the Crude Death Rate (CDR). The mathematical expression for population growth is:
$\Delta N = (B - D) + (I - E)$
[Where $B=$ Births, $D=$ Deaths, $I=$ Immigration, $E=$ Emigration. In global contexts, $I$ and $E$ are negligible, making the growth dependent entirely on $B - D$.]
2. Factors Contributing to Decreased Mortality
Significant advancements in public health have fundamentally altered demographic profiles:
- Advancements in Medical Science: The eradication or control of epidemic diseases through antibiotics, immunization programs, and improved surgical procedures has drastically lowered the CDR.
- Improved Healthcare Infrastructure: The establishment of maternal and infant healthcare centers has significantly reduced Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rates (IMR).
- Better Public Sanitation: Enhanced access to clean drinking water and organized sewage disposal has curtailed the prevalence of water-borne and sanitation-related pathologies.
3. Factors Contributing to Sustained High Fertility
Despite declining mortality, certain sociocultural and biological drivers maintain a high CBR:
- Improved Agricultural Productivity: The "Green Revolution" and subsequent industrialization of food production have provided a larger carrying capacity for the human population, mitigating famine-induced mortality.
- Socio-Cultural Norms: In many developing regions, large families are prioritized for agricultural labor or as a form of social security for aging parents.
- Marriage Patterns: A higher percentage of the population entering the reproductive age bracket (the "population momentum" effect) leads to a larger absolute number of births even if individual fertility rates remain constant.
4. Comparative Demographic Transition Analysis
| Factor | Historical Impact | Contemporary Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Medical Technology | Minimal | High reduction in Death Rate |
| Food Security | Periodic famine cycles | Stable caloric access |
5. Visual Representation of Demographic Dynamics
[Justification: The divergence between the blue curve (Birth Rate) and the red curve (Death Rate) represents the area of positive natural increase, which is the quantifiable cause of population explosion.]
Final Solution: The population explosion is primarily attributed to a sharp decline in the death rate (due to improved health care and sanitation) that has not been matched by a proportional decline in the birth rate, resulting in a positive net growth rate exacerbated by increased reproductive survivorship.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health EXERCISES
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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