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Q9:
Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
Solution :
Techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Infertility, defined as the inability to produce children in spite of unprotected sexual cohabitation, necessitates medical intervention through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). The following table summarizes the methodologies employed to assist infertile couples:
| Technique | Full Form | Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|---|
| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization | Fertilization occurs outside the body in laboratory conditions, followed by embryo transfer. |
| ZIFT | Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer | Zygotes or early embryos (up to 8 blastomeres) are transferred into the fallopian tube. |
| IUT | Intra-Uterine Transfer | Embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus. |
| GIFT | Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer | Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one. |
| ICSI | Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection | A sperm is directly injected into the ovum in the laboratory. |
| AI | Artificial Insemination | Semen collected from the husband or donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or uterus. |
Step 1: Extracorporeal Fertilization (IVF-ET)
In cases where the female cannot produce ova or the male has a low sperm count, In Vitro Fertilization is performed. [Per the clinical protocol of ART], ova from the wife/donor and sperms from the husband/donor are fused to form a zygote. This simulates the physiological environment of the ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
Step 2: Embryo Transfer Procedures (ZIFT vs. IUT)
The placement of the embryo is determined by its developmental stage:
- ZIFT: When the embryo is at the 8-blastomere stage, it is placed in the fallopian tube [By anatomical requirement for tubal progression].
- IUT: When the embryo reaches the morula or blastocyst stage, it is placed in the uterus to ensure successful implantation [Per the biological requirement for endometrial attachment].
Step 3: Gamete and Sperm Manipulation
If the female is unable to provide the ovum but can support the fetus, GIFT is utilized. Conversely, for male-factor infertility (such as oligospermia), ICSI is the gold standard, where the sperm is manually bypasses the zona pellucida of the oocyte using a micromanipulator.
Visual Representation of Fertilization Site
Step 4: Artificial Insemination (AI)
In cases where the male partner has inability to inseminate or a very low sperm count, artificial insemination (AI) or Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is performed [Per clinical necessity]. The semen is collected, processed in a lab to concentrate the sperm, and introduced directly into the female reproductive tract.
Final Solution: The primary methods to assist infertile couples include IVF-ET (involving ZIFT and IUT), GIFT, ICSI, and Artificial Insemination, all of which are categorized under Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART).
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health EXERCISES
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q1: What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q2: Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q3: Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q4: Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q5: What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q6: Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q7: Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q8: Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
- Q9: Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q10: What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(a): State True/False with explanation (a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(b): State True/False with explanation (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(c): State True/False with explanation (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q11(d): State True/False with explanation (d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(a): Correct the following statements : (a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(b): Correct the following statements : (b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(c): Correct the following statements : (c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
- Q12(d): Correct the following statements : (d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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