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Q9(iv):
Define and understand the following terms:
(iv) Order
Solution :
1. Conceptual Definition of Order
In biological taxonomy, Order is a major taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. It serves as an intermediate category positioned between Class (higher rank) and Family (lower rank). An order represents a grouping of related families that share a common evolutionary ancestry and display a specific set of morphological or genetic characteristics [Per the Hierarchical Biological Classification System].
2. Taxonomic Hierarchy Placement
The hierarchy follows the principle of increasing specificity as one moves down the ranks. The placement of Order is defined as follows:
| Rank | Level of Generality |
|---|---|
| Class | Highly inclusive; contains multiple orders |
| Order | Specific cluster of related families |
| Family | More specific; contains related genera |
3. Structural Criteria for Classification
Organisms are aggregated into a single order based on:
- Morphological Similarities: Shared structural features, such as limb structure, dental formulas, or reproductive mechanisms.
- Aggregates of Families: An order is technically defined as an assemblage of families that exhibit a "few similar characters" [Based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)].
- Phylogenetic Relationships: Evolutionary proximity determined through molecular sequencing or fossil record analysis.
4. Illustrative Examples
To understand the application of this term, consider the following biological classifications:
- Plant Kingdom: In the classification of flowering plants (Angiosperms), the order Polymoniales is grouped primarily based on floral characters. It includes families like Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae.
- Animal Kingdom: The order Carnivora includes families such as Felidae (cats) and Canidae (dogs). Despite their individual differences, they are grouped under Carnivora due to shared adaptive traits like specialized carnassial teeth and specific dietary niches.
5. Visual Representation of Taxonomic Rank
Final Solution: Order is a taxonomic category that occupies a rank above Family and below Class, comprising one or more related families that possess common, defining biological characteristics [Per Linnaean Taxonomy].
More Questions from Class 11 Biology The Living World EXERCISES
- Q1: Why are living organisms classified?
- Q2: Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
- Q3: What different criteria would you choose to classify people that you meet often?
- Q4: What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?
- Q5: Given below is the scientific name of Mango. Identify the correctly written name. Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica
- Q6: Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
- Q7: Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
- Q8: Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand, and bacteria on the other hand.
- Q9(i): Define and understand the following terms: (i) Phylum
- Q9(ii): Define and understand the following terms: (ii) Class
- Q9(iii): Define and understand the following terms: (iii) Family
- Q9(v): Define and understand the following terms: (v) Genus
- Q10: Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology The Living World
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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