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Q10:
Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
Solution :
Step 1: Theoretical Framework of Taxonomical Hierarchy
Taxonomical hierarchy, often referred to as the Linnaean hierarchy, is the systematic arrangement of various taxonomic categories in a descending order based on their relationships. The hierarchy is organized such that the Kingdom is the highest rank, containing the most diversity, while the Species is the lowest rank, representing the most specific group of individuals capable of interbreeding [Per the Biological Species Concept].
Step 2: Structural Representation of the Hierarchy
Step 3: Comparative Tabulation of Taxonomic Examples
| Taxonomic Category | Animal Example (Housefly) | Plant Example (Mango) |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia | Plantae |
| Phylum/Division | Arthropoda | Angiospermae |
| Class | Insecta | Dicotyledonae |
| Order | Diptera | Sapindales |
| Family | Muscidae | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus | Musca | Mangifera |
| Species | domestica | indica |
Step 4: Analytical Discussion
- Hierarchy Logic: As one moves from Kingdom to Species, the number of shared characters decreases. Organisms in the same species share the highest percentage of DNA and phenotypic traits [Per Taxonomy Principles].
- Nomenclature: Per the binomial system of nomenclature proposed by Carolus Linnaeus, the scientific name is composed of the Genus name followed by the species epithet (e.g., $Mangifera$ $indica$ L.).
- Phylum vs. Division: It is critical to note that in plant classification, the category 'Division' is used instead of the animal-specific term 'Phylum' [Per ICBN/ICZN guidelines].
Final Solution: The taxonomical hierarchy is a systematic, hierarchical classification ranging from broad kingdoms (Animalia/Plantae) down to specific species, exemplified by the Housefly (*Musca domestica*) and the Mango plant (*Mangifera indica*), providing a structured framework for biological identification and nomenclature.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology The Living World EXERCISES
- Q1: Why are living organisms classified?
- Q2: Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
- Q3: What different criteria would you choose to classify people that you meet often?
- Q4: What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?
- Q5: Given below is the scientific name of Mango. Identify the correctly written name. Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica
- Q6: Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
- Q7: Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
- Q8: Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand, and bacteria on the other hand.
- Q9(i): Define and understand the following terms: (i) Phylum
- Q9(ii): Define and understand the following terms: (ii) Class
- Q9(iii): Define and understand the following terms: (iii) Family
- Q9(iv): Define and understand the following terms: (iv) Order
- Q9(v): Define and understand the following terms: (v) Genus
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology The Living World
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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