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Q9(iii):
Define and understand the following terms:
(iii) Family
Solution :
1. Taxonomic Definition of Family
In biological classification, a Family is a taxonomic rank situated between the order and the genus. It is a group of related genera with still less number of similarities as compared to genus and species. Families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species or morphological/physiological traits in animal species [Per the Linnaean Taxonomic Hierarchy].
2. Comparative Analysis of Biological Families
To understand the hierarchy, consider the following structural comparison between plant and animal families:
| Category | Example Family | Included Genera |
|---|---|---|
| Plants | Solanaceae | Solanum, Petunia, Datura |
| Animals | Felidae | Felis (cats), Panthera (lions/tigers) |
3. Logical Derivation of Relationships
The taxonomic hierarchy operates on the principle of increasing specificity as one moves down the ranks. The relationship is defined as follows:
- Aggregation: Several genera are aggregated into a single family based on shared diagnostic characteristics [Based on the principle of taxonomic affinity].
- Divergence: While genera within a family share common features, they exhibit greater morphological divergence than species within a genus.
4. Visual Representation of Taxonomic Nesting
5. Diagnostic Criteria
The grouping of genera into a family requires the identification of stable, homologous traits:
- In Plants: Families are identified primarily by floral characters (e.g., the arrangement of floral parts, placentation).
- In Animals: Families are identified by skeletal structure, dental formula, and complex anatomical patterns (e.g., the retractile claws in the Felidae family).
Final Solution: A Family is a taxonomic group comprising one or more related genera that share a common evolutionary ancestry and display a distinct set of morphological or reproductive synapomorphies.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology The Living World EXERCISES
- Q1: Why are living organisms classified?
- Q2: Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
- Q3: What different criteria would you choose to classify people that you meet often?
- Q4: What do we learn from identification of individuals and populations?
- Q5: Given below is the scientific name of Mango. Identify the correctly written name. Mangifera Indica Mangifera indica
- Q6: Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
- Q7: Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
- Q8: Try to collect all the currently accepted meanings for the word ‘species’. Discuss with your teacher the meaning of species in case of higher plants and animals on one hand, and bacteria on the other hand.
- Q9(i): Define and understand the following terms: (i) Phylum
- Q9(ii): Define and understand the following terms: (ii) Class
- Q9(iv): Define and understand the following terms: (iv) Order
- Q9(v): Define and understand the following terms: (v) Genus
- Q10: Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology The Living World
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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