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Q9(a):
Answer the following: (a) Which part of the human brain is the most developed?
Solution :
1. Anatomical Identification of the Human Cerebrum
The most highly developed, differentiated, and complex part of the human brain is the cerebrum (also referred to as the telencephalon). It constitutes the largest portion of the brain and is responsible for the higher-order cognitive functions that distinguish humans from other species [Per biological classification and neuroanatomical hierarchy].
2. Structural Breakdown and Specialized Functions
The cerebrum is divided into two symmetrical cerebral hemispheres, connected by a thick tract of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. The surface of the cerebrum, known as the cerebral cortex, is characterized by deep folds called gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, which significantly increase the surface area to accommodate a higher density of neurons [Per the principle of cortical folding for neural efficiency].
| Lobe | Primary Functions |
|---|---|
| Frontal Lobe | Higher-level executive functions, planning, reasoning, and voluntary movement. |
| Parietal Lobe | Processing sensory information regarding touch, pressure, and pain. |
| Temporal Lobe | Auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension. |
| Occipital Lobe | Visual information processing and perception. |
3. Visual Representation of the Human Brain
4. Theoretical Justification
The development of the cerebrum, particularly the expansion of the prefrontal cortex, is the evolutionary hallmark of the human brain. This region governs:
- Cognition: Abstract thinking and problem-solving [By neuro-cognitive theory].
- Emotional Regulation: Integration of limbic system inputs with cortical logic.
- Language Acquisition: Specialized areas such as Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas enable complex symbolic communication.
Final Solution: The cerebrum is the most developed and largest part of the human brain, responsible for intellectual, sensory, and motor processing.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination EXERCISES
- Q1: Briefly describe the structure of the Brain
- Q2(a): Compare the following: (a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)
- Q2(b): Compare the following: (b) Resting potential and action potential
- Q3(a): Explain the following processes: (a) Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(b): Explain the following processes: (b) Depolarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(c): Explain the following processes: (c) Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse
- Q4(a): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (a) Neuron
- Q4(b): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (b) Brain
- Q5(a): Write short notes on the following: (a) Neural coordination
- Q5(b): Write short notes on the following: (b) Forebrain
- Q5(c): Write short notes on the following: (c) Midbrain
- Q5(d): Write short notes on the following: (d) Hindbrain
- Q5(e): Write short notes on the following: (e) Synapse
- Q6: Give a brief account of Mechanism of synaptic transmission.
- Q7: Explain the role of $Na^+$ in the generation of action potential.
- Q8(a): Differentiate between: (a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons
- Q8(b): Differentiate between: (b) Dendrites and axons
- Q8(c): Differentiate between: (c) Thalamus and Hypothalamus
- Q8(d): Differentiate between: (d) Cerebrum and Cerebellum
- Q9(b): Answer the following: (b) Which part of our central neural system acts as a master clock?
- Q10(a): Distinguish between: (a) afferent neurons and efferent neurons
- Q10(b): Distinguish between: (b) impulse conduction in a myelinated nerve fibre and unmyelinated nerve fibre
- Q10(f): Distinguish between: (f) cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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