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Q2(a):
Compare the following: (a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)
Solution :
Step 1: Structural and Functional Definition
The human neural system is categorized into two integrated divisions based on anatomical location and functional hierarchy. The Central Neural System (CNS) acts as the command center for information processing and control, whereas the Peripheral Neural System (PNS) serves as the communication network connecting the CNS to the rest of the body [Per the structural-functional classification of the vertebrate nervous system].
Step 2: Comparative Analysis
The following table delineates the fundamental differences between the CNS and PNS:
| Feature | Central Neural System (CNS) | Peripheral Neural System (PNS) |
|---|---|---|
| Anatomical Components | Brain and Spinal Cord. | Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves. |
| Primary Function | Information processing, decision-making, and command issuance. | Transmission of sensory impulses to the CNS and motor commands to effectors. |
| Protection | Protected by cranium, vertebral column, and meninges. | Lacks bony protection; contains connective tissue sheaths (epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium). |
| Sub-divisions | Consists of grey matter (cell bodies) and white matter (myelinated axons). | Divided into Somatic Neural System and Autonomic Neural System. |
Step 3: Schematic Representation of Organizational Hierarchy
Step 4: Functional Interdependence
- Afferent Pathway: The PNS sends sensory information (receptors) toward the CNS for interpretation [Integration function].
- Efferent Pathway: The CNS sends motor instructions via the PNS to effectors (muscles or glands) to execute a physiological response [Motor output function].
- Autonomic Regulation: Within the PNS, the Autonomic Neural System (ANS) operates independently of conscious control, regulating involuntary visceral functions, while reporting back to the CNS control centers in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata.
Final Solution: The CNS acts as the site of information processing and control, comprising the brain and spinal cord, whereas the PNS constitutes the relay network of nerves that physically links the CNS to all sensory receptors and effector organs in the body.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination EXERCISES
- Q1: Briefly describe the structure of the Brain
- Q2(b): Compare the following: (b) Resting potential and action potential
- Q3(a): Explain the following processes: (a) Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(b): Explain the following processes: (b) Depolarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(c): Explain the following processes: (c) Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse
- Q4(a): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (a) Neuron
- Q4(b): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (b) Brain
- Q5(a): Write short notes on the following: (a) Neural coordination
- Q5(b): Write short notes on the following: (b) Forebrain
- Q5(c): Write short notes on the following: (c) Midbrain
- Q5(d): Write short notes on the following: (d) Hindbrain
- Q5(e): Write short notes on the following: (e) Synapse
- Q6: Give a brief account of Mechanism of synaptic transmission.
- Q7: Explain the role of $Na^+$ in the generation of action potential.
- Q8(a): Differentiate between: (a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons
- Q8(b): Differentiate between: (b) Dendrites and axons
- Q8(c): Differentiate between: (c) Thalamus and Hypothalamus
- Q8(d): Differentiate between: (d) Cerebrum and Cerebellum
- Q9(a): Answer the following: (a) Which part of the human brain is the most developed?
- Q9(b): Answer the following: (b) Which part of our central neural system acts as a master clock?
- Q10(a): Distinguish between: (a) afferent neurons and efferent neurons
- Q10(b): Distinguish between: (b) impulse conduction in a myelinated nerve fibre and unmyelinated nerve fibre
- Q10(f): Distinguish between: (f) cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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