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Q10(a):
Distinguish between: (a) afferent neurons and efferent neurons
Solution :
1. Definitions and Functional Directionality
The nervous system utilizes specialized cells called neurons to process information. The distinction between afferent and efferent neurons is based on the direction of impulse transmission relative to the Central Nervous System (CNS) [Per the structural organization of the Peripheral Nervous System].
- Afferent Neurons (Sensory Neurons): These neurons facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses from peripheral tissues and organs toward the CNS. They act as the "input" pathways.
- Efferent Neurons (Motor Neurons): These neurons facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses from the CNS to the peripheral effector organs, such as muscles or glands. They act as the "output" pathways.
2. Comparative Analysis
| Feature | Afferent Neurons | Efferent Neurons |
|---|---|---|
| Direction of Impulse | Peripheral receptors $\rightarrow$ CNS | CNS $\rightarrow$ Effectors (Muscles/Glands) |
| Functional Role | Sensory input detection | Motor response execution |
| Cell Body Location | Dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves | Ventral horn of spinal cord gray matter |
3. Visual Representation of Neural Circuitry
4. Theoretical Justification
The distinction is rooted in the Reflex Arc model [Ref: Principles of Neurophysiology]. The afferent fiber receives a stimulus via specialized sensory receptors, converting mechanical or chemical stimuli into graded potentials. Once threshold is reached, an Action Potential propagates along the axon [By the All-or-None Law]. Upon entering the CNS, these signals are processed, and efferent neurons are recruited to convey a corrective command to the effectors to maintain homeostasis [Per Homeostatic Feedback Mechanism].
Final Solution: Afferent neurons conduct impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS, whereas efferent neurons conduct impulses from the CNS to peripheral effector organs, completing the stimulus-response loop.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination EXERCISES
- Q1: Briefly describe the structure of the Brain
- Q2(a): Compare the following: (a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)
- Q2(b): Compare the following: (b) Resting potential and action potential
- Q3(a): Explain the following processes: (a) Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(b): Explain the following processes: (b) Depolarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(c): Explain the following processes: (c) Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse
- Q4(a): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (a) Neuron
- Q4(b): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (b) Brain
- Q5(a): Write short notes on the following: (a) Neural coordination
- Q5(b): Write short notes on the following: (b) Forebrain
- Q5(c): Write short notes on the following: (c) Midbrain
- Q5(d): Write short notes on the following: (d) Hindbrain
- Q5(e): Write short notes on the following: (e) Synapse
- Q6: Give a brief account of Mechanism of synaptic transmission.
- Q7: Explain the role of $Na^+$ in the generation of action potential.
- Q8(a): Differentiate between: (a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons
- Q8(b): Differentiate between: (b) Dendrites and axons
- Q8(c): Differentiate between: (c) Thalamus and Hypothalamus
- Q8(d): Differentiate between: (d) Cerebrum and Cerebellum
- Q9(a): Answer the following: (a) Which part of the human brain is the most developed?
- Q9(b): Answer the following: (b) Which part of our central neural system acts as a master clock?
- Q10(b): Distinguish between: (b) impulse conduction in a myelinated nerve fibre and unmyelinated nerve fibre
- Q10(f): Distinguish between: (f) cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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