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Q4(a):
Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (a) Neuron
Solution :
Step 1: Structural Definition of a Neuron
A neuron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system, specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses. Anatomically, it is composed of three primary segments: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and the axon [Per the Cell Theory of Neurons].
Step 2: Anatomical Components and Functions
- Cell Body (Cyton/Soma): Contains the nucleus and granular cytoplasm known as Nissl's granules, which are responsible for protein synthesis [Ref: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum functionality].
- Dendrites: Short, branching projections that receive electrical impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors.
- Axon: A long, cylindrical process that transmits impulses away from the cell body toward a synapse.
- Myelin Sheath: An insulating layer formed by Schwann cells, interrupted by Nodes of Ranvier, which facilitates saltatory conduction [Ref: Hodgkin-Huxley Model of Membrane Potential].
Step 3: Schematic Representation
Step 4: Comparative Table of Components
| Component | Biological Function |
|---|---|
| Dendrites | Afferent transmission (towards cell body) |
| Axon | Efferent transmission (away from cell body) |
| Nissl's Granules | Synthesis of neurotransmitter precursors |
| Node of Ranvier | Site of action potential regeneration |
Final Solution: The neuron is the specialized impulse-conducting cell characterized by a central soma containing Nissl's granules, dendritic arborizations for input, and a myelinated axon for high-velocity output transmission.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination EXERCISES
- Q1: Briefly describe the structure of the Brain
- Q2(a): Compare the following: (a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)
- Q2(b): Compare the following: (b) Resting potential and action potential
- Q3(a): Explain the following processes: (a) Polarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(b): Explain the following processes: (b) Depolarisation of the membrane of a nerve fibre
- Q3(c): Explain the following processes: (c) Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse
- Q4(b): Draw labelled diagrams of the following: (b) Brain
- Q5(a): Write short notes on the following: (a) Neural coordination
- Q5(b): Write short notes on the following: (b) Forebrain
- Q5(c): Write short notes on the following: (c) Midbrain
- Q5(d): Write short notes on the following: (d) Hindbrain
- Q5(e): Write short notes on the following: (e) Synapse
- Q6: Give a brief account of Mechanism of synaptic transmission.
- Q7: Explain the role of $Na^+$ in the generation of action potential.
- Q8(a): Differentiate between: (a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons
- Q8(b): Differentiate between: (b) Dendrites and axons
- Q8(c): Differentiate between: (c) Thalamus and Hypothalamus
- Q8(d): Differentiate between: (d) Cerebrum and Cerebellum
- Q9(a): Answer the following: (a) Which part of the human brain is the most developed?
- Q9(b): Answer the following: (b) Which part of our central neural system acts as a master clock?
- Q10(a): Distinguish between: (a) afferent neurons and efferent neurons
- Q10(b): Distinguish between: (b) impulse conduction in a myelinated nerve fibre and unmyelinated nerve fibre
- Q10(f): Distinguish between: (f) cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Neural Control and Coordination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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