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Q6(iv):
Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: (iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.

Solution :

Theoretical Foundation: Meiotic Prophase I

The process of crossing over, formally known as genetic recombination, is an essential feature of meiosis. It occurs within the prophase of meiosis I, which is subdivided into five distinct morphological stages based on chromosomal behavior: Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, and Diakinesis.

Step 1: Identifying the Specific Stage

Crossing over is the physical exchange of non-sister chromatid segments between homologous chromosomes. This event is exclusive to the Pachytene stage of Prophase I [Per the established cytological stages of Meiosis I].

Step 2: Mechanism of Crossing Over

  • Synapsis: During the preceding Zygotene stage, homologous chromosomes pair up to form a bivalent or tetrad structure, facilitated by the synaptonemal complex.
  • Recombination: In the Pachytene stage, the enzyme recombinase catalyzes the breaking and rejoining of non-sister chromatids at specific points called chiasmata.
  • Outcome: This leads to genetic variation by creating new combinations of alleles on a single chromosome [Genetic Recombination Principle].

Visual Representation of a Bivalent in Pachytene

Chiasma Homologous Pair

Analytical Summary Table

Stage Primary Characteristic
Leptotene Chromatin condensation
Zygotene Synapsis (pairing)
Pachytene Crossing Over
Diplotene Dissolution of synaptonemal complex

Final Solution: The stage of the cell cycle at which crossing over occurs is the Pachytene stage of Prophase I in Meiosis.


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