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Q6(ii):
Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: (ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate.

Solution :

Identification of the Cell Cycle Phase

The event described—the splitting of the centromere and the subsequent separation of sister chromatids—is a defining characteristic of the Anaphase stage of mitosis.

Step 1: Contextualizing Mitotic Division

Mitosis is the process of equational division where a parent cell produces two genetically identical daughter cells. The process is partitioned into four major stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase [Reference: Cell Biology, Mitotic Sequence].

Step 2: Analytical Breakdown of Anaphase Events

The transition from Metaphase to Anaphase is triggered by the degradation of cohesin proteins that hold sister chromatids together. The following sequence occurs:

  • Centromere Cleavage: Each chromosome, which previously consisted of two identical sister chromatids attached at a single centromere, undergoes a simultaneous splitting of the centromere [Per the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) activation].
  • Chromatid Migration: Once the centromeres split, the sister chromatids are officially classified as "daughter chromosomes." These chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell via the shortening of kinetochore microtubules [Mechanism: Depolymerization of tubulin].

Step 3: Visual Representation of the Splitting Event

Metaphase → Anaphase Pole A Pole B

Summary of Biological Significance

Feature Description
Stage Anaphase (Mitosis)
Centromere Status Split
Chromatid Status Separated (Daughter Chromosomes)
Microtubule Activity Kinetochore microtubules shorten

Final Solution: The stage at which the centromere splits and the chromatids separate is Anaphase.


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