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Q6(i):
Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur:
(i) Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator.
Solution :
Step 1: Identifying the Biological Context
The movement of chromosomes to the spindle equator is a critical regulatory event during the M-phase (Mitosis) of the eukaryotic cell cycle. This phase is characterized by the physical segregation of replicated sister chromatids into two daughter nuclei. [Per the Cell Theory and the mechanics of Mitosis].
Step 2: Analysis of the Metaphase Stage
During the process of nuclear division, the transition from prophase to metaphase involves the attachment of kinetochores of sister chromatids to spindle fibers. The specific event where chromosomes align at the equatorial plane—a structure termed the metaphase plate—defines the stage known as Metaphase.
Step 3: Theoretical Justification
- Kinetochore Attachment: The spindle fibers from opposite poles of the cell attach to the kinetochores of each sister chromatid. [Mechanism of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint].
- Forces of Alignment: The chromosomes are moved via the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules, resulting in a tension equilibrium at the center of the cell.
- Biological Significance: Alignment at the equator ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes during the subsequent Anaphase. [Per the Law of Segregation and Mitotic Fidelity].
Step 4: Summary Table of Chromosomal Dynamics
| Phase | Primary Event |
|---|---|
| Prophase | Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes. |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes align at the equator. |
| Anaphase | Sister chromatids split and move to opposite poles. |
Final Solution: The stage of the cell cycle at which chromosomes are moved to the spindle equator is Metaphase.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Cell Cycle and Division EXERCISES
- Q1: What is the average cell cycle span for a mammalian cell?
- Q2: Distinguish cytokinesis from karyokinesis.
- Q3: Describe the events taking place during interphase.
- Q4: What is $G_0$ (quiescent phase) of cell cycle?
- Q5: Why is mitosis called equational division?
- Q6(ii): Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: (ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate.
- Q6(iii): Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: (iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place.
- Q6(iv): Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: (iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.
- Q7(a): Describe the following: (a) synapsis Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
- Q7(b): Describe the following: (b) bivalent Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
- Q7(c): Describe the following: (c) chiasmata Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
- Q8: How does cytokinesis in plant cells differ from that in animal cells?
- Q9: Find examples where the four daughter cells from meiosis are equal in size and where they are found unequal in size.
- Q10: Distinguish anaphase of mitosis from anaphase I of meiosis.
- Q11: List the main differences between mitosis and meiosis.
- Q12: What is the significance of meiosis?
- Q13(i): Discuss with your teacher about (i) haploid insects and lower plants where cell-division occurs, and
- Q13(ii): Discuss with your teacher about (ii) some haploid cells in higher plants where cell-division does not occur.
- Q14: Can there be mitosis without DNA replication in ‘S’ phase?
- Q15: Can there be DNA replication without cell division?
- Q16(i): Analyse the events during every stage of cell cycle and notice how the following two parameters change (i) number of chromosomes ($N$) per cell
- Q16(ii): Analyse the events during every stage of cell cycle and notice how the following two parameters change (ii) amount of DNA content ($C$) per cell
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Cell Cycle and Division
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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