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Answer 
part of speech, lexical category to which a word is assigned based on its function in a sentence. There are eight parts of speech in traditional English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. In linguistics, parts of speech are more typically called word classes.
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| Part of speech | Short Description |
| Noun | It a name of person, place, animal and thing. It works as a subject and object in a given sentence. Proper noun, common noun, abstract noun, collective noun and material noun are the types noun. |
| Pronoun | Pronoun are use in place of noun. Personal pronoun, Possessive pronoun, indefinite pronoun,demonstrative pronoun, distributive pronoun and reflexive pronouns are types of pronoun. |
| Adjective | Adjective defines the quality of noun. In absence of noun in any sentence, it works as a noun. It is always in singular form. |
| Verb | Verb describes the action done by noun/pronoun. Linking verb and main verb are types of verb. Main verb is further discribed into transitive verb (subject is present) and intransitive verb. |
| Adverb | Adverb discribes the degree of verb, adjective, place and time. |
| Conjunction | A word the joins two nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, sentences, phrases and clauses and etc. |
| Preposition | It establishes a relationship between noun with other part of speeches like pronoun, adjective and etc. |
| Interjection | Words that are use to express spontaneous emotion and feelings are called interjection. They are always use with exclamatory mark. |
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"how to pronounce " followed by the name of the parts of speech you want to pronounce. This will open the Google page where you can listen to the pronunciation in Indian, British and the US English. You can also test your own pronunciation by using the "Practice" option (currently it seems to be available only when US English is selected). Give it a try.
For details of each of the parts of speech, it's already provided in the previous responses by others.
In english, words are divided into 8 ie according to the work they do in a sentence!
Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection.
These are called parts of speech. They are 8 in number.
1.Noun is a word used as the name of a person place or thing.
eg. The rose smells sweet [rose is noun here]
2.An Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun.
eg. He is a brave boy. [brave is an adjective here]
3.A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.
eg.Rachel is absent , because she is ill. [she is the pronoun here]
4.A Verb is a word used to express an action or state.
eg. The boy wrote a letter to his cousin. [wrote is the verb here]
5.An Adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
eg. She worked the sum quickly.
He pronounced the word quite correctly.
6.A Preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.
eg. There is a cow in the garden.[ in - preposition]
The boy is fond of music. [of - preposition]
7.A Conjunction is a word used to join words or sentences.
eg. I ran fast but missed the train. [but - conjunction]
8. An Interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feeling.
eg. Alas! He is dead. [ alas - interjection]
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