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The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of the universe remains the same. Though it may be exchanged between the system and the surroundings, it can’t be created or destroyed. The law basically relates to the changes in energy states due to work and heat transfer. It redefines the conservation of energy concept. read less

The second law of thermodynamics basically says that in any natural process, "disorder" (called entropy) always increases, meaning things naturally move towards a more chaotic state, like a dropped ice cube melting on a warm table - it won't spontaneously reassemble itself back into a perfect ice cube; heat always flows from hot to cold, and you can't completely convert heat into usable energy without losing some to the environment. read less

The second law of thermodynamics states that in a closed system, the total entropy (a measure of disorder or randomness) tends to increase over time. This law is a fundamental principle of physics that applies to natural processes, particularly when it comes to the flow of energy and the direction of irreversible processes.

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The physical meaning would be that the degree of randomness increases of the systemb+ surrounding. Like if you leave water by becoming Ice it increased the randomness of atmosphere while changing from ice to water it increased the randomness of system itself. So it will always increase and not decrease unless external force, pressure etc are applied.

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In the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), thermodynamics is an important subject, especially for candidates in mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineering. Here are some key topics that are often emphasized:-

Laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamics cycles, properties of pure substances, heat transfer, thermodynamics relationship, combustion, AC and refrigerator etc.

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