Mathematics is a systematic field of study that involves the exploration of abstract structures, patterns, and relationships using numbers, symbols, and logical operations. It is a universal language that helps us understand and describe various aspects of the world around us. Mathematics encompasses a wide range of branches, including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and more.

Key elements of mathematics include:

1. Numbers and Operations: The study of numbers and the basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

2. Algebra: Deals with variables and symbols to represent quantities and the rules for manipulating these symbols.

3. Geometry: Focuses on the properties and relationships of shapes, sizes, and dimensions.

4. Calculus: Concerned with rates of change and accumulation, particularly in the context of functions and their graphs.

5. Statistics: Involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

6. Logic: The study of reasoning and argumentation, providing a foundation for mathematical proofs and problem-solving.

Mathematics plays a crucial role in various fields such as physics, engineering, economics, computer science, and many other scientific disciplines. It provides a framework for understanding and solving problems, making it an essential tool in both theoretical and applied contexts.

Basic math skills are essential for various everyday tasks and form the foundation for more advanced mathematical concepts. Here are some fundamental math skills that everyone should know:

1. Arithmetic Operations:

   • Addition: Adding two or more numbers.
   • Subtraction: Finding the difference between two numbers.
   • Multiplication: Multiplying numbers to find the product.
   • Division: Dividing numbers to find the quotient.

2. Fractions:

   • Understanding and working with fractions, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of fractions.

3. Decimals:

   • Understanding and performing operations with decimals.

4. Percentages:

   • Calculating percentages and understanding their applications in real-life situations.

5. Basic Algebra:

   • Solving simple algebraic equations and expressions.
   • Understanding the concept of variables and solving for unknowns.

6. Geometry:

   • Recognizing and understanding basic geometric shapes (e.g., circles, squares, triangles).
   • Calculating the area and perimeter of basic shapes.

7. Measurement:

   • Converting units of measurement (e.g., length, weight, volume).
   • Understanding and using measurement tools like rulers, scales, and thermometers.

8. Data Interpretation:

   • Reading and interpreting data from graphs, charts, and tables.

9. Basic Statistics:

   • Understanding concepts like mean, median, mode, and range.

10. Problem Solving:

    • Developing problem-solving skills and applying mathematical concepts to real-world situations.

11. Number Sense:

    • Developing a sense of numerical magnitude and understanding the relationships between numbers.

12. Basic Financial Math:

    • Understanding concepts such as interest, simple and compound interest, and basic financial calculations.

13. Logical Reasoning:

    • Developing logical reasoning skills, especially when solving mathematical problems.

14. Pattern Recognition:

    • Identifying and extending patterns in numbers and shapes.

These basic math skills provide a strong foundation for further learning and are applicable in various aspects of daily life, education, and work. Continuous practice and application of these skills help build mathematical proficiency and problem-solving abilities.

Determining the "hardest" type of math is subjective and depends on individual strengths, interests, and background. However, some branches of mathematics are often considered more advanced and challenging due to their abstract nature and complexity. These include:

1. Advanced Calculus and Analysis: Topics like real analysis and complex analysis can be quite challenging, delving into rigorous proofs and abstract concepts.

2. Abstract Algebra: This branch involves studying algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields, and can be highly abstract and theoretical.

3. Topology: Topology explores properties of space that remain unchanged under continuous deformations, and it can involve intricate concepts and advanced mathematical reasoning.

4. Differential Geometry: This area of mathematics connects calculus and geometry, dealing with smooth surfaces and curves in higher-dimensional spaces.

5. Functional Analysis: This branch extends ideas from linear algebra and calculus to infinite-dimensional spaces, introducing abstract concepts and complex mathematical structures.

6. Number Theory: Focusing on the properties of integers and number patterns, number theory involves deep mathematical reasoning and has connections to cryptography and computer science.

7. Mathematical Logic: This area deals with the foundations of mathematics and the study of formal systems. It can involve complex symbolic manipulation and logical reasoning.

Keep in mind that what one person finds challenging, another might find more accessible based on their background and interests. Additionally, the perceived difficulty of a mathematical topic can vary based on how it is taught and the resources available.

The progress you can make in math over three months depends on various factors, including your starting level, the amount of time you dedicate to studying, your learning methods, and your prior mathematical background. Here are some general considerations:

1. Starting Point:

   • If you are already familiar with the basics of a particular mathematical topic, you may be able to advance more quickly.
   • If you are starting from scratch or with very limited knowledge, progress might be slower.

2. Dedication and Time Commitment:

   • The more time you can dedicate to studying math, the faster you are likely to progress.
   • Regular, consistent practice is crucial for deepening your understanding.

3. Learning Methods:

   • Effective learning methods, such as working on problems, seeking explanations for concepts, and teaching others, can enhance your understanding.
   • Utilizing a variety of resources, such as textbooks, online courses, and interactive platforms, can provide a well-rounded learning experience.

4. Subject Complexity:

   • Some mathematical topics are more challenging and may require more time to grasp fully.
   • If you are focusing on foundational concepts before moving on to more advanced topics, progress may be gradual.

5. Support and Resources:

   • Having access to a teacher, tutor, or online community for assistance and clarification can be beneficial.
   • Utilizing quality learning resources tailored to your level and goals is important.

6. Realistic Goals:

   • Setting achievable short-term goals can help you stay motivated and track your progress.

It's essential to set realistic expectations based on your starting point and the factors mentioned above. Three months can be a meaningful timeframe to make noticeable progress, especially if you are committed and focused. However, the depth of your understanding will depend on the complexity of the topics you choose to study and your prior mathematical background.

The term "math" is a shortening of the word "mathematics." The word "mathematics" itself has its roots in the ancient Greek language. It comes from the Greek word "mathēma," which means "that which is learned" or "knowledge" and is derived from the verb "manthano," meaning "to learn."

Over time, the term evolved, and in various languages, it was adapted to refer to the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns. In English, "mathematics" was eventually shortened to "math." In some other English-speaking countries, such as the United Kingdom, people commonly use the term "maths" instead of "math."

So, in summary, "math" is a shortened form of the word "mathematics," which itself has its origins in the ancient Greek language.