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Q5:
Find the scalar and vector components of the vector with initial point (2, 1) and terminal point (– 5, 7).
Solution :
Step 1: Coordinate Identification & Vector Representation
Given the initial point $A(x_1, y_1) = (2, 1)$ and the terminal point $B(x_2, y_2) = (-5, 7)$, the vector $\vec{AB}$ is defined as the displacement vector from $A$ to $B$. [Per the definition of a position vector in $\mathbb{R}^2$].
The vector $\vec{AB}$ is calculated as:
$\vec{AB} = (x_2 - x_1)\hat{i} + (y_2 - y_1)\hat{j}$Substituting the given values:
$\vec{AB} = (-5 - 2)\hat{i} + (7 - 1)\hat{j}$ $\vec{AB} = -7\hat{i} + 6\hat{j}$Step 2: Determining Scalar Components
The scalar components of a vector $\vec{r} = a\hat{i} + b\hat{j}$ are the coefficients $a$ and $b$. These represent the signed magnitudes of the vector along the coordinate axes.
- Scalar component along the $x$-axis ($a$): $-7$
- Scalar component along the $y$-axis ($b$): $6$
Step 3: Determining Vector Components
The vector components are the individual components of the vector including their respective unit vectors. [By the Principle of Vector Decomposition].
- Vector component along the $x$-axis: $-7\hat{i}$
- Vector component along the $y$-axis: $6\hat{j}$
Step 4: Geometric Visualization
Summary of Data
| Type | Component (x) | Component (y) |
|---|---|---|
| Scalar Components | $-7$ | $6$ |
| Vector Components | $-7\hat{i}$ | $6\hat{j}$ |
Final Solution: The scalar components are $-7$ and $6$, and the vector components are $-7\hat{i}$ and $6\hat{j}$.
More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Vector Algebra EXERCISE 10.2
- Q1(i): Compute the magnitude of the following vectors: $\vec{a} = \hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}$
- Q1(ii): Compute the magnitude of the following vectors: $\vec{b} = 2\hat{i} - 7\hat{j} - 3\hat{k}$
- Q1(iii): Compute the magnitude of the following vectors: $\vec{c} = \frac{1}{3}\hat{i} + \frac{1}{3}\hat{j} - \frac{1}{3}\hat{k}$
- Q2: Write two different vectors having same magnitude.
- Q3: Write two different vectors having same direction.
- Q4: Find the values of $x$ and $y$ so that the vectors $2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j}$ and $x\hat{i} + y\hat{j}$ are equal.
- Q6: Find the sum of the vectors $\vec{a} = \hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + \hat{k}$, $\vec{b} = -2\hat{i} + 4\hat{j} + 5\hat{k}$ and $\vec{c} = \hat{i} - 6\hat{j} - 7\hat{k}$.
- Q7: Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector $\vec{a} = \hat{i} + \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}$.
- Q8: Find the unit vector in the direction of vector $\vec{PQ}$, where P and Q are the points (1, 2, 3) and (4, 5, 6), respectively.
- Q9: For given vectors, $\vec{a} = 2\hat{i} - \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}$ and $\vec{b} = -\hat{i} + \hat{j} - \hat{k}$, find the unit vector in the direction of the vector $\vec{a} + \vec{b}$.
- Q10: Find a vector in the direction of vector $5\hat{i} - \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}$ which has magnitude 8 units.
- Q11: Show that the vectors $2\hat{i} - 3\hat{j} + 4\hat{k}$ and $-4\hat{i} + 6\hat{j} - 8\hat{k}$ are collinear.
- Q12: Find the direction cosines of the vector $\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 3\hat{k}$.
- Q13: Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A (1, 2, –3) and B (–1, –2, 1), directed from A to B.
- Q14: Show that the vector $\hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}$ is equally inclined to the axes OX, OY and OZ.
- Q15(i): Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors are $\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - \hat{k}$ and $-\hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}$ respectively, in the ratio 2 : 1 (i) internally
- Q15(ii): Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors are $\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} - \hat{k}$ and $-\hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}$ respectively, in the ratio 2 : 1 (ii) externally
- Q16: Find the position vector of the mid point of the vector joining the points P(2, 3, 4) and Q(4, 1, –2).
- Q17: Show that the points A, B and C with position vectors, $\vec{a} = 3\hat{i} - 4\hat{j} - 4\hat{k}$, $\vec{b} = 2\hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}$ and $\vec{c} = \hat{i} - 3\hat{j} - 5\hat{k}$, respectively form the vertices of a right angled triangle.
- Q18: In triangle ABC (Fig 10.18), which of the following is not true:
- Q19: If $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ are two collinear vectors, then which of the following are incorrect:
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Vector Algebra
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