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Q11:
Show that the vectors $2\hat{i} - 3\hat{j} + 4\hat{k}$ and $-4\hat{i} + 6\hat{j} - 8\hat{k}$ are collinear.

Solution :

Step 1: Formal Definition of Collinearity

Two vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ are said to be collinear if and only if there exists a non-zero scalar $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $\vec{b} = \lambda \vec{a}$ [Per the definition of parallel/collinear vectors in vector space]. If such a scalar exists, the vectors possess the same or opposite direction and are proportional component-wise.

Step 2: Assigning Vector Variables

Let the given vectors be defined as:

  • $\vec{a} = 2\hat{i} - 3\hat{j} + 4\hat{k}$
  • $\vec{b} = -4\hat{i} + 6\hat{j} - 8\hat{k}$

Step 3: Component-wise Scalar Comparison

To determine if $\vec{b} = \lambda \vec{a}$, we equate the components:

Component Equation Solving for $\lambda$
$x$-component $-4 = \lambda(2)$ $\lambda = -2$
$y$-component $6 = \lambda(-3)$ $\lambda = -2$
$z$-component $-8 = \lambda(4)$ $\lambda = -2$

Step 4: Vector Synthesis and Logical Deduction

Since the ratio of the corresponding components is constant for all three dimensions ($x, y, z$), we can express $\vec{b}$ as follows:

$\vec{b} = -2(2\hat{i} - 3\hat{j} + 4\hat{k})$

$\vec{b} = -2\vec{a}$

By the scalar multiplication property, since $\vec{b} = \lambda \vec{a}$ where $\lambda = -2$, the vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ are parallel. Because they share a line of action in vector space, they are defined as collinear [By the geometric property of parallel vectors].

$\vec{a}$ $\vec{b} = -2\vec{a}$ Origin (0,0,0)

Final Solution: Since $\vec{b} = -2\vec{a}$, the vectors are scalar multiples of each other, satisfying the condition for collinearity. Hence, the vectors $2\hat{i} - 3\hat{j} + 4\hat{k}$ and $-4\hat{i} + 6\hat{j} - 8\hat{k}$ are collinear.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Vector Algebra EXERCISE 10.2


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Vector Algebra


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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