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Q3.2(e):

The position-time ($x-t$) graphs for two children A and B returning from their school O to their homes P and Q respectively are shown in Fig. 3.19. Choose the correct entries in the brackets below ; (e) (A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/twice).

Solution :

Initial Analytical Setup

The position-time ($x-t$) graph describes the motion of two children, A and B, traveling from school (at $x=0$) to their respective homes (at P and Q). In a position-time graph, the intersection of two lines represents a moment in time where both objects occupy the same spatial coordinate [Per the definition of intersection in kinematic graphs].

Step 1: Coordinate System Interpretation

Let $x_A(t)$ be the position function for child A and $x_B(t)$ be the position function for child B. The origin $x=0$ represents the school. The graph provided illustrates the motion trajectory as a function of time $t$.

  • The slope of the line $\frac{dx}{dt}$ represents the velocity $v$.
  • An intersection point $(t_i, x_i)$ indicates that at time $t_i$, the distance from the school for both A and B is identical.

Step 2: Visual Evidence and Geometric Intersection

By observing the provided graphical representation, there is exactly one point of intersection between the line representing child A and the line representing child B.

t x A B Intersection

Step 3: Determining Overtaking Logic

To "overtake" implies that one object, initially behind another in terms of position relative to the destination, surpasses the other. As A's line has a steeper positive slope than B's line, child A exhibits a higher constant velocity ($v_A > v_B$) [Per the slope-velocity relationship]. Since both children start at $x=0$ at $t=0$, and A moves faster, A eventually reaches a position greater than B, meaning A passes B at the point of intersection.

Step 4: Evaluating the Frequency

The lines intersect only once at a point $t > 0$. Therefore, child A overtakes child B exactly once during the transit from school to their homes.

Final Solution: (A) overtakes (B) on the road (once).


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