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Q2.2(e):

The position-time ((x-t)) graphs for two children A and B returning from their school O to their homes P and Q respectively are shown in Fig. 2.9. Choose the correct entries in the brackets below ; (e) (A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/twice).

Solution :

Step 1: Theoretical Foundation of Position-Time Graphs

The position-time ($x-t$) graph plots the displacement of an object against time. The slope of this graph ($dx/dt$) represents the instantaneous velocity of the object [Per the definition of velocity in kinematics]. An intersection point between two graphs $x_A(t)$ and $x_B(t)$ implies that at a specific time $t_i$, the positions of both objects are identical: $x_A(t_i) = x_B(t_i)$. This indicates one child has caught up to or passed the other.

Step 2: Analysis of the Provided Graphical Data

Based on the standard provided diagram for this specific physics problem:

  • Child A starts from school ($O$) at a later time than child B and arrives at home ($P$) earlier.
  • Child B starts from school ($O$) at an earlier time and arrives at home ($Q$) later.
  • The lines representing $x_A(t)$ and $x_B(t)$ intersect at exactly one point in the first quadrant of the coordinate system.

Step 3: Logical Deduction of Overtaking

Since the graph of child A has a steeper slope compared to the graph of child B, child A maintains a higher average velocity. Given that child A begins the journey later but terminates the journey earlier, the path of A must necessarily intersect the path of B at one unique coordinate $(t, x)$ [By the Mean Value Theorem and geometric intersection properties]. Because there is only one point of intersection, child A overtakes child B exactly once.

Step 4: Visualizing the Intersection

t x B A Intersection

Step 5: Conclusive Selection

Comparing the motion profiles:

Criteria Observation
Number of intersections 1
Identity of Faster Object Child A
Identity of Slower Object Child B

Final Solution: (A) overtakes (B) on the road (once).


More Questions from Class 11 Physics Motion in a Straight Line EXERCISES


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