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Q10(a):
Fill in the blank spaces:
(a) All mammals (except a few) have __________ cervical vertebra.
Solution :
Anatomical Basis of Cervical Morphology in Mammalia
The mammalian cervical vertebral column exhibits a remarkable evolutionary consistency known as the "cervical vertebral constraint." Despite the significant variation in neck length among mammals—ranging from the short-necked mole to the long-necked giraffe—the number of vertebrae in the cervical region remains constant across almost all members of the class Mammalia.
Step 1: Taxonomic Analysis and Evolutionary Consistency
- Class: Mammalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Defining Characteristic: All mammals are characterized by the presence of seven cervical vertebrae, forming the neck region located between the cranium and the thoracic vertebrae [Per the principles of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy].
Step 2: Addressing the Exceptions
While the count is traditionally accepted as seven, there are notable deviations observed in specific genera due to evolutionary pressures related to specialized locomotion or unique anatomical requirements:
| Genus | Deviation | Biological Context |
|---|---|---|
| Bradypus (Three-toed Sloth) | 8 to 9 | Associated with slow movement and specialized muscle attachment. |
| Trichechus (Manatee) | 6 | Reduction in cervical count associated with aquatic adaptation. |
Step 3: Visual Representation of the Cervical Region
Step 4: Formal Conclusion
The stabilization of the cervical count to seven is a highly conserved trait in mammalian biology, believed to be linked to the stabilization of the Hox gene clusters ($Hoxc6$ and $Hoxc8$ specifically) which regulate the transition from cervical to thoracic vertebral development [By developmental regulatory pathway theory].
Final Solution: All mammals (except a few) have 7 cervical vertebra.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Locomotion and Movement EXERCISES
- Q1: Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.
- Q2: Define sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
- Q3: Describe the important steps in muscle contraction.
- Q4(a): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (a) Actin is present in thin filament
- Q4(b): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (b) H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents both thick and thin filaments.
- Q4(c): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (c) Human skeleton has 206 bones.
- Q4(d): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (d) There are 11 pairs of ribs in man.
- Q4(e): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (e) Sternum is present on the ventral side of the body.
- Q5(a): Write the difference between : (a) Actin and Myosin
- Q5(b): Write the difference between : (b) Red and White muscles
- Q5(c): Write the difference between : (c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdle
- Q6: Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Smooth muscle (i) Myoglobin (b) Tropomyosin (ii) Thin filament (c) Red muscle (iii) Sutures (d) Skull (iv) Involuntary
- Q7: What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?
- Q8: How do you distinguish between a skeletal muscle and a cardiac muscle?
- Q9(a): Name the type of joint between the following:- (a) atlas/axis
- Q9(b): Name the type of joint between the following:- (b) carpal/metacarpal of thumb
- Q9(c): Name the type of joint between the following:- (c) between phalanges
- Q9(d): Name the type of joint between the following:- (d) femur/acetabulum
- Q9(e): Name the type of joint between the following:- (e) between cranial bones
- Q9(f): Name the type of joint between the following:- (f) between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle
- Q10(b): Fill in the blank spaces: (b) The number of phalanges in each limb of human is __________
- Q10(c): Fill in the blank spaces: (c) Thin filament of myofibril contains 2 ‘F’ actins and two other proteins namely __________ and __________.
- Q10(d): Fill in the blank spaces: (d) In a muscle fibre $Ca^{++}$ is stored in __________
- Q10(e): Fill in the blank spaces: (e) __________ and __________ pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.
- Q10(f): Fill in the blank spaces: (f) The human cranium is made of __________ bones.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Locomotion and Movement
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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