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Q5(b):
Write the difference between :
(b) Red and White muscles
Solution :
Comparison of Red and White Muscle Fibers
Muscle fibers are classified based on the quantity of myoglobin pigment, mitochondrial density, and metabolic pathways utilized for ATP production. The following table delineates the physiological and biochemical differences between these two types.
| Characteristic | Red Muscle Fibers | White Muscle Fibers |
|---|---|---|
| Myoglobin Content | High (imparts red color) | Low (appears pale/whitish) |
| Mitochondria | Abundant [Facilitates aerobic respiration] | Few [Relies on anaerobic glycolysis] |
| Metabolic Pathway | Aerobic | Anaerobic |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | Less developed | Extensive/Highly developed |
| Contraction Speed | Slow (Sustained contraction) | Fast (Rapid/Burst contraction) |
| Fatigue Resistance | High (Resistant to fatigue) | Low (Fatigues rapidly due to lactic acid) |
Visual Representation of Comparative Myoglobin Density
Analytical Justification
- Aerobic Efficiency: Red fibers possess higher concentrations of myoglobin, an oxygen-binding protein, which creates an efficient reservoir for oxygen. This supports the oxidative phosphorylation occurring within the high volume of mitochondria present [Per the physiological requirements of slow-twitch fibers].
- Anaerobic Burst: White fibers rely on the rapid hydrolysis of glycogen through anaerobic glycolysis to meet sudden, high-intensity energy demands. This mechanism is highly effective for short-duration movements but leads to the accumulation of $Lactic Acid$, which results in rapid muscular fatigue [Ref: Cori Cycle metabolic limitations].
Final Solution: Red muscles are oxidative, fatigue-resistant fibers rich in myoglobin and mitochondria suitable for endurance, whereas white muscles are glycolytic, fast-twitch fibers low in myoglobin, optimized for rapid, powerful, but brief contractions.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Locomotion and Movement EXERCISES
- Q1: Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.
- Q2: Define sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
- Q3: Describe the important steps in muscle contraction.
- Q4(a): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (a) Actin is present in thin filament
- Q4(b): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (b) H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents both thick and thin filaments.
- Q4(c): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (c) Human skeleton has 206 bones.
- Q4(d): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (d) There are 11 pairs of ribs in man.
- Q4(e): Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (e) Sternum is present on the ventral side of the body.
- Q5(a): Write the difference between : (a) Actin and Myosin
- Q5(c): Write the difference between : (c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdle
- Q6: Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Smooth muscle (i) Myoglobin (b) Tropomyosin (ii) Thin filament (c) Red muscle (iii) Sutures (d) Skull (iv) Involuntary
- Q7: What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?
- Q8: How do you distinguish between a skeletal muscle and a cardiac muscle?
- Q9(a): Name the type of joint between the following:- (a) atlas/axis
- Q9(b): Name the type of joint between the following:- (b) carpal/metacarpal of thumb
- Q9(c): Name the type of joint between the following:- (c) between phalanges
- Q9(d): Name the type of joint between the following:- (d) femur/acetabulum
- Q9(e): Name the type of joint between the following:- (e) between cranial bones
- Q9(f): Name the type of joint between the following:- (f) between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle
- Q10(a): Fill in the blank spaces: (a) All mammals (except a few) have __________ cervical vertebra.
- Q10(b): Fill in the blank spaces: (b) The number of phalanges in each limb of human is __________
- Q10(c): Fill in the blank spaces: (c) Thin filament of myofibril contains 2 ‘F’ actins and two other proteins namely __________ and __________.
- Q10(d): Fill in the blank spaces: (d) In a muscle fibre $Ca^{++}$ is stored in __________
- Q10(e): Fill in the blank spaces: (e) __________ and __________ pairs of ribs are called floating ribs.
- Q10(f): Fill in the blank spaces: (f) The human cranium is made of __________ bones.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Locomotion and Movement
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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