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Q7(c):
Write the differences between : (c) Systole and Diastole
Solution :
Definition and Theoretical Foundation
In the physiology of the cardiac cycle, the heart acts as a dual-pump mechanism governed by the coordinated contraction and relaxation of the myocardium. Systole and diastole represent the two distinct phases of this mechanical activity, which facilitate the propulsion of blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulations and the subsequent filling of the cardiac chambers.
Comparative Analysis of Cardiac Phases
| Feature | Systole | Diastole |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The phase of cardiac contraction. | The phase of cardiac relaxation. |
| Myocardial State | Active shortening and increased tension of muscle fibers. | Passive lengthening and elastic recoil of muscle fibers. |
| Blood Movement | Ejection of blood from the chambers into the arteries. | Inflow of blood from veins into the chambers. |
| Internal Pressure | High pressure generated within the chambers. | Low pressure maintained within the chambers. |
| Valvular Status | Atrioventricular (AV) valves close; Semilunar valves open. | Semilunar valves close; Atrioventricular (AV) valves open. |
Visual Representation of Cardiac Cycle Phases
Mechanism Justification
- Systole [Per the Frank-Starling Law]: The stroke volume is directly proportional to the end-diastolic volume. During systole, the ventricles undergo isometric contraction followed by ventricular ejection, effectively raising the intraventricular pressure above aortic pressure ($P_{ventricle} > P_{aorta}$), forcing the semilunar valves to open.
- Diastole [Per the Cardiac Filling Principle]: During diastole, the heart enters a state of minimal metabolic activity (at the cellular level) to facilitate coronary perfusion. As the ventricular myocardium relaxes, the intraventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure ($P_{ventricle} < P_{atrium}$), allowing passive ventricular filling.
Final Solution: Systole represents the active contraction phase of the heart chambers resulting in blood ejection due to high internal pressure, whereas diastole represents the passive relaxation phase of the heart chambers allowing for blood filling at low internal pressure.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation EXERCISES
- Q1: Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
- Q2: What is the importance of plasma proteins?
- Q3: Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Eosinophils (i) Coagulation (b) RBC (ii) Universal Recipient (c) AB Group (iii) Resist Infections (d) Platelets (iv) Contraction of Heart (e) Systole (v) Gas transport
- Q4: Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
- Q5: What is the difference between lymph and blood?
- Q6: What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
- Q7(a): Write the differences between : (a) Blood and Lymph
- Q7(b): Write the differences between : (b) Open and Closed system of circulation
- Q7(d): Write the differences between : (d) P-wave and T-wave
- Q8: Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
- Q9: Why do we call our heart myogenic?
- Q10: Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?
- Q11: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?
- Q12: Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
- Q13: Explain heart sounds.
- Q14: Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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