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Q1:
Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
Solution :
1. Definitions and Initial Classification
The blood is composed of a fluid matrix known as plasma and the "formed elements," which constitute approximately 45% of the blood volume. The formed elements are categorized into three distinct classes: Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells), Leucocytes (White Blood Cells), and Thrombocytes (Platelets). [Ref: CBSE Biology Class 11, Chapter 18].
2. Tabular Analysis of Formed Elements
| Component | Description | Primary Biological Function |
|---|---|---|
| Erythrocytes (RBCs) | Biconcave, enucleated cells containing the iron-rich respiratory pigment hemoglobin. | Transport of respiratory gases ($O_2$ and $CO_2$) throughout the systemic and pulmonary circulations. |
| Leucocytes (WBCs) | Colorless, nucleated cells lacking hemoglobin, classified into Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils) and Agranulocytes (Lymphocytes, Monocytes). | Immune defense and inflammatory response; protect the body against pathogens and foreign antigens. |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | Cell fragments produced from specialized cells in the bone marrow known as megakaryocytes. | Hemostasis; release chemicals and form a platelet plug to initiate blood coagulation at sites of vascular injury. |
3. Visual Representation of Formed Elements (Representative SVG)
4. Theoretical Justifications
- Erythrocytes: The biconcave shape [Per Principle of Surface-Area-to-Volume Ratio] maximizes the area available for gas exchange via diffusion.
- Leucocytes: Their movement, known as diapedesis, allows them to squeeze through capillary walls to reach sites of infection [By Chemotactic response].
- Thrombocytes: Coagulation is mediated by the release of thromboplastin, which initiates the clotting cascade [Per the Cascade Hypothesis of Blood Coagulation].
Final Solution: The formed elements consist of Erythrocytes (responsible for gas transport), Leucocytes (responsible for immune defense), and Thrombocytes (responsible for blood coagulation).
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation EXERCISES
- Q2: What is the importance of plasma proteins?
- Q3: Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Eosinophils (i) Coagulation (b) RBC (ii) Universal Recipient (c) AB Group (iii) Resist Infections (d) Platelets (iv) Contraction of Heart (e) Systole (v) Gas transport
- Q4: Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
- Q5: What is the difference between lymph and blood?
- Q6: What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
- Q7(a): Write the differences between : (a) Blood and Lymph
- Q7(b): Write the differences between : (b) Open and Closed system of circulation
- Q7(c): Write the differences between : (c) Systole and Diastole
- Q7(d): Write the differences between : (d) P-wave and T-wave
- Q8: Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
- Q9: Why do we call our heart myogenic?
- Q10: Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?
- Q11: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?
- Q12: Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
- Q13: Explain heart sounds.
- Q14: Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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