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Q7(b):
Write the differences between : (b) Open and Closed system of circulation
Solution :
1. Definitions and Theoretical Foundation
Circulatory systems represent the physiological infrastructure responsible for the transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, and metabolic wastes. The classification into Open and Closed systems is determined by the containment of the circulatory fluid ($haemolymph$ or $blood$) within continuous vessels throughout the entire circuit.
2. Comparative Analysis of Circulatory Systems
| Feature | Open Circulatory System | Closed Circulatory System |
|---|---|---|
| Fluid Containment | Blood pumped into body cavities ($sinuses$ or $haemocoel$). | Blood restricted to a closed network of vessels ($arteries, veins, capillaries$). |
| Flow Dynamics | Low-pressure system; direct contact with interstitial fluid. | High-pressure system; no direct contact with interstitial fluid. |
| Exchange Mechanism | Occurs directly between $haemolymph$ and tissues. | Mediated by interstitial fluid via thin-walled capillaries. |
| Efficiency | Less efficient for high metabolic demands. | Highly efficient; regulates flow rate and distribution. |
| Representative Phyla | Arthropoda, Mollusca (excluding Cephalopoda). | Annelida, Chordata, Cephalopoda. |
3. Structural Illustration
4. Mechanistic Justification
- Open System [Per Physiological Adaptation]: The blood is pumped by the heart into the open spaces ($haemocoel$), where it bathes the organs directly. This is energy-efficient for organisms with lower metabolic rates like insects.
- Closed System [Per Homeostatic Regulation]: The presence of $endothelium$-lined vessels allows for the precise regulation of blood pressure. By altering the diameter of arterioles ($vasoconstriction/vasodilation$), the organism can shunt blood to specific organ systems [Per Poiseuille’s Law].
Final Solution: The fundamental difference lies in the containment of blood; an open system allows blood to flow into open body cavities (haemocoel), providing direct tissue contact but limited pressure control, whereas a closed system confines blood to distinct vessels, facilitating efficient, high-pressure transport necessary for complex physiological demands.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation EXERCISES
- Q1: Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
- Q2: What is the importance of plasma proteins?
- Q3: Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Eosinophils (i) Coagulation (b) RBC (ii) Universal Recipient (c) AB Group (iii) Resist Infections (d) Platelets (iv) Contraction of Heart (e) Systole (v) Gas transport
- Q4: Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
- Q5: What is the difference between lymph and blood?
- Q6: What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
- Q7(a): Write the differences between : (a) Blood and Lymph
- Q7(c): Write the differences between : (c) Systole and Diastole
- Q7(d): Write the differences between : (d) P-wave and T-wave
- Q8: Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
- Q9: Why do we call our heart myogenic?
- Q10: Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?
- Q11: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?
- Q12: Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
- Q13: Explain heart sounds.
- Q14: Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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