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Q5:
What is the difference between lymph and blood?
Solution :
Definition and Compositional Framework
Blood is a specialized connective tissue consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements (erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets) circulating within a closed vascular system. Lymph is a colorless fluid filtered out of the blood capillaries into the intercellular spaces, which then enters the lymphatic system. It is essentially an interstitial fluid that lacks certain blood components.
Comparative Analysis Table
| Characteristic | Blood | Lymph |
|---|---|---|
| Color | Red (due to hemoglobin in RBCs) | Colorless/Straw-colored |
| RBCs | Present in large numbers | Absent |
| Proteins | High concentration (Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen) | Low concentration |
| Flow Direction | Bidirectional (Heart to tissues and back) | Unidirectional (Tissues to Heart) |
| Speed of Flow | Rapid (pumped by the heart) | Slow |
| Clotting | Clots rapidly | Clots very slowly |
Structural Representation of Vascular Dynamics
Biological Functional Justification
- Transport [Per Homeostatic Regulation]: Blood serves as the primary transport medium for respiratory gases ($O_2$ and $CO_2$), hormones, and nutrients. Lymph primarily facilitates the transport of absorbed fats from the digestive system (via lacteals) and maintains fluid balance by returning interstitial fluid to the venous circulation.
- Immune Response [Per Lymphatic System Function]: While blood contains leukocytes for systemic immunity, lymph nodes act as filtration stations where lymphocytes undergo maturation and pathogen detection, serving as a secondary immune surveillance network.
- Pressure Dynamics [Per Starling's Hypothesis]: The movement from blood to lymph is driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient generated by the heart ($P_{capillary} > P_{interstitial}$), ensuring that excess fluid not reabsorbed at the venous end of the capillary is collected into the lymphatic system.
Final Solution: Blood is a red, high-pressure, closed-circuit connective tissue containing RBCs and high protein levels, functioning as the primary systemic transport medium. Lymph is a colorless, low-pressure, open-circuit interstitial fluid lacking RBCs, functioning in fat transport, fluid balance maintenance, and immune surveillance.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation EXERCISES
- Q1: Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.
- Q2: What is the importance of plasma proteins?
- Q3: Match Column I with Column II : Column I Column II (a) Eosinophils (i) Coagulation (b) RBC (ii) Universal Recipient (c) AB Group (iii) Resist Infections (d) Platelets (iv) Contraction of Heart (e) Systole (v) Gas transport
- Q4: Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?
- Q6: What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?
- Q7(a): Write the differences between : (a) Blood and Lymph
- Q7(b): Write the differences between : (b) Open and Closed system of circulation
- Q7(c): Write the differences between : (c) Systole and Diastole
- Q7(d): Write the differences between : (d) P-wave and T-wave
- Q8: Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.
- Q9: Why do we call our heart myogenic?
- Q10: Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?
- Q11: What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?
- Q12: Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
- Q13: Explain heart sounds.
- Q14: Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Body Fluids and Circulation
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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