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Q3(iii):
On comparing the ratios $\frac{a_1}{a_2}$, $\frac{b_1}{b_2}$, and $\frac{c_1}{c_2}$, find out whether the following pair of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent. (iii) $\frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{3}y = 7$ ; 9x – 10y = 14

Solution :

Given: A pair of linear equations in two variables:

Equation 1: $\frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{3}y = 7$

Equation 2: $9x - 10y = 14$

To Find: Determine whether the given pair of linear equations is consistent or inconsistent by comparing the ratios $\frac{a_1}{a_2}$, $\frac{b_1}{b_2}$, and $\frac{c_1}{c_2}$.

Step 1: Standardizing the Equations

A linear equation in two variables is represented in the standard form $ax + by + c = 0$ or $ax + by = c$. We will write both equations in the form $a_1x + b_1y = c_1$ and $a_2x + b_2y = c_2$.

Equation 1: $\frac{3}{2}x + \frac{5}{3}y = 7$

Equation 2: $9x - 10y = 14$

Step 2: Identifying Coefficients

Comparing the given equations with $a_1x + b_1y = c_1$ and $a_2x + b_2y = c_2$:

For Equation 1: $a_1 = \frac{3}{2}$, $b_1 = \frac{5}{3}$, $c_1 = 7$

For Equation 2: $a_2 = 9$, $b_2 = -10$, $c_2 = 14$

Step 3: Calculating the Ratios

Now, we calculate the ratios of the coefficients:

Ratio of $x$-coefficients: $\frac{a_1}{a_2} = \frac{3/2}{9} = \frac{3}{2 \times 9} = \frac{3}{18} = \frac{1}{6}$

Ratio of $y$-coefficients: $\frac{b_1}{b_2} = \frac{5/3}{-10} = \frac{5}{3 \times (-10)} = \frac{5}{-30} = -\frac{1}{6}$

Ratio of constants: $\frac{c_1}{c_2} = \frac{7}{14} = \frac{1}{2}$

Step 4: Comparing the Ratios

We observe the values obtained:

$\frac{a_1}{a_2} = \frac{1}{6}$

$\frac{b_1}{b_2} = -\frac{1}{6}$

Since $\frac{1}{6} \neq -\frac{1}{6}$, it follows that $\frac{a_1}{a_2} \neq \frac{b_1}{b_2}$.

Step 5: Applying the Consistency Condition

[Theorem: For a pair of linear equations $a_1x + b_1y + c_1 = 0$ and $a_2x + b_2y + c_2 = 0$, if $\frac{a_1}{a_2} \neq \frac{b_1}{b_2}$, the lines intersect at a unique point and the system is consistent.]

Because the condition $\frac{a_1}{a_2} \neq \frac{b_1}{b_2}$ is satisfied, the pair of linear equations has a unique solution.

Final Answer: The pair of linear equations is consistent.


More Questions from Class 10 Mathematics Pair of linear equations in two variable EXERCISE 3.1


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