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We all know quadratic equations are those equations which have two roots or we can tell which has two values of X for which the function becomes zero.A quadratic equation is of type
ax^2+bx+c=0

Has roots in the form of given by SreeDharcharya formula

X= [-b+(b^2-4ac)^1/2]÷2a and
-b-(b^2-4ac)^1/2]÷2a.

Where (b^2-4ac) is called the discriminant, and a,b,c are constants in the above equation.

Phototrophic bacteria are species that use inorganic compounds as thier source of electrons (i.e. photolithotrophs). For example, Chromatium okenii uses H₂S as its electron donor, oxidizing it to elemental sulfur.

H₂S --->S +2e^- +2H⁺

Some phototrophic bacteria use organic compounds such as fatty acids and alcohols as electron donors and are therefore photoorganotrophs. For example, Rhodospirillum rubrum can use succinate as an electron donor.

Succinate--->fumarate +2e^- +2H⁺

Certain phototrophic bacteria are not restricted to being phototrophic. As indicated before, chemotrophs rely on chemical compounds rather than light for their energy, and under some circumstances a phototrophic bacterium can grow as a chemotroph. For example, in the absence of O₂ (i.e., under anaerobic conditions) R. rubrum is dependent on light as its source of energy and lives as a photoorganotroph; however, in presence of O₂ it can grow in the dark as a chemoorganotroph.

Hi all,

Each somatic cell in human body possess same amount of DNA (3*10 9 bp). However, There are somatic cells which lacks some portion of the genome. These deletion are very essential for survial of the organism

Can you identify these somatic cells and the reason for carrying a shorter genome.