Advanced Placement Tests Coaching Updates

À= at, to : à+le= au, à + les = at the, to the

When the Definite Article   `le' follows the preposition  '` à ' the two ae combined to form`au'  meaning `at the' or `to the'.

Similarly When the Definite Article   `les' follows the preposition  '` à ' the two ae combined to form`aux'  meaning `at the' or `to the'.

Je parle à Robert= I speak to Robert

I speak  to the boy= Je parle à le *  au  garçon  

I speak to the girl= Je parle à la fille

I speak to the child= Je parle à l’enfant.

I speak to the boys= Je parle à les **aux garçons.

I speak to the girls= Je parle à les **aux filles.

I speak to the children=Je parle à les **aux  enfants.

Note:-

à+ le = au= at the ,to the

à + les = aux= at the, to the.

Similarly :- Je vais à le *  au cinéma. I go to the movies

Arm.             Arm

Auge             eyes

Bauch            stomach

Bein               leg

Blut              blood

Brust           brest

Finger           finger

Fuss              foot

Gesicht          face

Haar                hair

Haut                 skin

I am eating a pizza.

She woke up at 5am.

We bought a bouquet for our mother.

 Hmm. Read the sentences. And again. What's happening? What are the elements that you notice?

We shall look at the three major elements of a sentence. Subject-Verb-Object. It could be direct, indirect or a prepositional object. Let's learn the differences between these.

I am eating a pizza.

She woke up at 5am.

We bought a bouquet for our mother.

Now, let's take a look at these sentences again. We see the 'doer' of the sentence; we see the action happening either directly or indirectly -

 1. I am eating a pizza = the pizza is being eaten, the action is taking place on the pizza.

 2. I woke up (at 5am) = the prepositional object only supports the verb by giving extra information, otherwise this sentence doesn't necessarily need an 'object'. For e.g. I am sleeping (on the floor).

3. We bought a bouquet for our mother = now here, the bouquet is being bought, but the prepositional object ‘our mother’  is not the recipient of the action or the ‘verb’. It’s the bouquet. Therefore, ‘a bouquet’ is here the direct object and ‘our mother’ is the indirect object.

While learning German, you would often see these words - Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ. They stand for 'subject' or the doer, followed by direct object and indirect object, respectively.

 (1) Conjuguez les phrases en passé composé. Par example ( sortir)  : je sors , tu sors , Il / Elle sort, vous sortez, nous sortons , Ils /Elles sortent

Partir       :

manger   : 

aller          : 

appeler     : 

prendre     : 

(2)Complétez les phrases avec des accords

Je suis parti... (e , es s )

Tu es parti..... (e, es , s )

Il est parti......(  "  "    "   )

Vous êtes......( "  "     "   )

Nous sommes parti...( e, es , s)

Ils sont  parti..... ( e , es s )

Elle sont .......(e , es s )

TENSES

Simple Present Tense :   Daily actions

Present Perfect Tense :  Just Completed Actions

    - For any past completed actions provided not mentioned time

    - just now, so far, not yet, etc., if these are present in the sentence

Present Perfect Tense :  Started in past and still continuing

Simple Past Tense :  Mentioning past actions by indicating exact time

    ago, yesterday, last year, last month, last week,

    any past year(1997, 1880,),...if these are mentioned

Past Perfect Tense :  If two past actions are discussed in one sentence, then the earlier action   should be in past perfect and the latter should be in simple past.

Future Perfect Tense :  By then, by this time, by that time, by so and so year, etc.,

 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Active Voice (AV) :

       When the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action, then the sentence is in AV.

  Ex:     She writes a letter.

Passive Voice (PV) :

         When the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action denoted by the verb, then the sentence is in PV.

  Ex:     A letter is written by her.

Changing AV to PV

• Subject -->Object and Object --> Subject
• Helping/ Auxiliary verb comes.
• Add ‘by’ before the new object. (Not required in some cases)

                Ex: He was elected the leader of the house. (Not required 'by')

• Change the verb to its ‘participle form’(V3)

• The PV is preferred when the doer is unknown or unimportant.

                   Ex:   The bridge was built in the 17th Century.

• When discussing history, the PV is often used.

                 Ex:    The war was fought with glory.

• The AV is used when the subject is more important than the object.
• Avoid using active and passive in the same sentence.

                 Ex:   The food was cooked and served.

                         Emma cooked and served the food.

• Use a single verb instead of two whenever is possible.

                     Ex:    Strucker enjoys good food and music.

                    ( Strucker enjoys good food and music is also enjoyed by him.)-->Awkward

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

  FUTURE TENSE

Note:

  Sentences with intransitive verbs cannot be changed to passive form because those verbs do not take objects after them.

  Ex:

    The sky is blue.

    He goes to school. (intransitive verb)