Basic Rules in Spanish

BASIC RULES IN SPANISH

1. NAMES OF THE LANGUAGES SHOULD HAVE ARTICLE EXCEPT WHEN AFTER VERB HABLAR , & AFTER “ EN “ , “DE”
2. EXCEPT IN DIRECT ADDRESS TITLES ARE ALWAYS PRECEDED BY DEFINITE ARTICLE
3. AGAIN IN SPANISH :- OTRA VEZ OR VOLVER + INFINITIVE
4. NO ……..NADA /NUNCA/NADIE
5. LO FOLLOWED BY QUE SIGNIFIES HOW BIG /SMALL  ETC  lo simpaticos = how nice
6. THE NUMBER “ ONE “ CHANGES FROM “UNO “ TO “ UN “ BEFORE A  MASCULINE NOUN & TO “UNA “ BEFORE FEMININE NOUN
7. ADJECTIVES OF QUANTITY PRECEEDS THE NOUN :- POCO /POCA /MUCHO/MUCHA
8. DAYS OF WEEK ARE ALWAYS MASCULINE / ARTICLE “EL” BBEFORE IT INDICATES “ON” NO TRABAJO EL LUNES( I DON’T WORK ON MONDAY)
9. THE SOUND /K/ IS WRITTEN AS “C” BEFORE A, O , U BT AS “GU” BEFORE E AND I ( CA , QUE , QUI , CO , CU )
10. THE SOUND /G/ IS WRITTEN AS “G” BEFORE A, O , U BUT AS “GU” BEFORE E AND I ( GA , GUE GO , GU )
11. THE SOUND /S/ (/TH/ IN SPAIN ) IS WRITTEN AS “Z “BEFORE A , O , U BUT AS “C” BEFORE E & I ( ZA , CE, CI , ZO , ZU )
12. THUS , “AR” VERBS WHOSE STEM ENDS IN C, G, OR Z WILL SHOW A CHANGE IN SPELLING BEFORE THOSE ENDING THT BEGIN WITH E :
13. –ER & -IR VERBS WHOSE STEM ENDS IN C OR GU WIL SHOW A CHANGE IN SPELLING BEFORE THOSE ENDINGS THAT BEGIN WITH A OR O :
14. MOST VERBS ENDING IN –CER & -CIR PECEDED BY A VOWEL HAVE ZC IN THE YO FORM OF PRESENT & PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE , THE REST CONJUGATIONS ARE REGULAR .
15. VERBS ENDING IN –CER , PRECEDED BY A CONSONANT DO NOT HAVE ZC IN THE YO FORM . HWEVR THE FINAL C OF STEM CHANGES TO Z IN THIS FORM.
16. THE SOUND OF LETTER “J “ IN SPANISH IS REPRESENTED BY “ J “ BEFORE A, O , U BT BY “G” BEFORE “E” , “ I” .
17. THUS “GER ” & “ GIR “ VERB ENDING CHANGE “G”> J IN THE YO FORM OF PRESENT & PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORM.
18. STEM CHANGES OCCUR IN THE PRESENT TENSE AND IN FORMS DERIVED FROM PRESENT TENSE : PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE & COMMAND FORMS.
19. THE ENGLISH AUXILLARY VERBS DO/ DOES IS NOT TRANSLATED BEFORE SPANISH VERBS FORMS  IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
20. HACE + TIME EXPRESSIONS IS USED TO EXPRESS SINCE HOW LONG THE ACTIONS HAS BEEN GOING ON ( HACE QUE UN AÑO QUE VIVIMOS = SINCE 1 YR WE HAVE BEEN LIVING ).
21. DESDE + A MOMENT IN TIME TO EXPRESS TIME WHEN THE ACTION BEGAN (¿ DESDE CUANDO BUSCA EMPLEO ? = SINCE WHEN SHE HAS BEEN LOOKING FOR JOB ) ( BUSCA EMPLEO DESDE ENERO = SHE HAS BEEN LOOKING FOR JOB SINCE JAN ).
22. FUTURE OF “ HAY “ IS  “HABRÁ” (there will be).